Cancer, one of the deadliest diseases in the world, is one of the most frightening too. Since the number of cancer patients all over the world is constantly increasing, scientists in the medical field are sparing no expenses in looking for a cure, specifically looking at the connection between the Green Lipped Mussel and Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers right now and the number of sufferers continues to go up. Since there are few choices on cancer treatment, every little help that these people can get are valued. That is why scientists are studying the link between green lipped mussel and breast cancer.

Recently, there have been positive studies linking the beneficial relationship between green lipped mussel and breast cancer. At first, you may think this is somewhat impossible, but it is true. This kind of mussel is said to boost cancer survival rate. This is because it contains high amounts of antioxidants that can reduce the free radicals in the human body that can cause damage to our genetic structure or in other words, can cause cancer. This kind of mussel is rich in omega 3 fatty acids that hinder the appearance of cancer cells.

The mussel contains lypo-oxygenase enzymes, which are great in inhibiting breast cancer. In addition, the good thing about the mussel is that it is not painful for the patients who take it. It also does not create harsh side effects unlike other medications and treatments.

The mussel extract is very effective in preventing cancer but it is also not bad at treating the cancer as well. It is a great antioxidant, which can help the body remove bad toxins that can later become damaging to your health.

The best way to acquire all the great benefits from the mussel is to take it as fresh as possible. There are also good manufactured supplements of this mussel that you can find in the market.

Arthritis sufferers have used the green lipped mussel supplement for some time now and the mussel sure does deliver. This natural product is very good for people who prefer not to take pharmaceuticals, which can lead to all sorts of unwanted side effects.

The link between the green lipped mussel and breast cancer has still yet to be proven but if you are planning to try this supplement, make sure you ask a professional's advice first to avoid any adverse side effects. The known side effects of these products are abdominal pains, diarrhea and gout that can last up to three days.

For optimal health, we have been using a special green lipped mussel formula and for good reason, as the quality of this formula is guaranteed. We have been personally using this formula for over 3 years with excellent health results.

You can learn more about our product of choice and why we use this product above all other green lipped mussel formulas at Green Lipped Mussel Interactions.

William Lin is the manager of a series of health websites. His latest addition discusses the green lipped mussel formula that he and the editors consume. For more information on green lipped mussel, pain relief, anti-oxidants as a whole, check out http://Green-Lippedmussel-Interactions.com

By William Lin

By Michail Woods

Testicular Cancer or Cancer of the testicle is one of the diseases males should be aware of and should watch out for. To further understand, it is better to digest the words that comprise the term. First, testicular coming from the word testicles - also called testes or gonads. These are a pair of male sex glands that produce and store sperm. These can be seen just under the penis, specifically in the scrotum. Last word is cancer. This is a disease wherein uncontrolled growth occurs among the group of cells. In other words, for the testicular cancer, the testes are the part of the body that is highly affected by this very painful and depressing disease.

Is there a determined cause for a man to acquire testicular cancer? Well, there are no specific causes determined by experts; however, there may be factors that may most likely increase men's chances of getting hold of this disease. Everyone has their own family tree; thus all diseases and illnesses the family member and relatives had can be tracked. Say, a father or a male in the family tree has had this particular cancer, the probability of having such can be considered and should be given attention at the earliest possible time.

It is very important to note that cancer is a kind of disease that may find much time to heal and totally disappear. In some cases where a guy is able to recover of such, the possibilities of having it developed over time must be taken into consideration.

Another factor that may affect the occurrence of this disease is the abnormality which has been present even in the early days of childhood. There is an increased risk if a male has problems with the testicles in particular, penis, kidneys and those with hernia.

Lastly, it may be due to an undescended testicle. This is possible when the testicles do not move down into the scrotum. It is unfortunate though that even if a surgery is to be performed, the risks remain the same.

Detection of this kind of cancer at its earliest stage is really important. If a man is able to find something unusual or feels pain or something different on his testicles, it is best to seek for the doctor's advice. Men should watch out for a lump or a swelling testicle; pain in the scrotum; any enlargement or difference in form of the testicles; and any discharge or amount of fluid seen in the scrotum.

To diagnose and confirm if this really is a testicular cancer, it is essential to undergo laboratory tests or processes. Blood test is recommended so as to help determine the presence of a tumor in the testicles. Another could be through an ultrasound and if suggested by the doctor, biopsy has to be undergone.

Never lose hope if you are found to have acquired this disease as this can be cured through radiation or chemotherapy. A big percentage of testicular cancer victims have been successfully cured. That is why it is highly important to have this detected as early as possible.

Breast cancer is a problem caused by malignant cell growth originating from breast tissue, most likely from the milk ducts or the lobules of the breast. It generally occurs in women, although in rare cases, it can be found in men as well. Breast cancer is the second most lethal cancer in women, right after lung cancer. It is estimated that 1 out of 100 women are affected by this disease. It accounts for 22.9% of all cancer cases in women worldwide. It also accounts for 458,503 deaths worldwide in the year 2008.

This disease can be categorized into several types. The ductal carcinoma - which originates from the milk ducts - is the most common type; it accounts for 80% of all breast cancer cases. The second most common type is the lobular cancer (which develops in the lobules) which accounts for around 10-15% of all cases. The less common types include the inflammatory breast cancer, phyllodes tumor, medullary cancer, mucinous (colloid) carcinoma, mixed tumors, and a type of cancer which involves the symptoms similar to Paget's disease.

If you suspect that you might have this disease, you should consult a doctor immediately for examination. For effective breast cancer treatments and cures, your doctor should run some tests to determine which type of cancer you have. The stage, rate of growth, size, and other characteristics of the abnormal cancerous cells are also the keys to determine the type of treatments suitable for you. Conventional treatment methods include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted drugs.

- Surgery is usually performed to remove a part or the whole of the affected breast. Most common surgeries performed are the mastectomy and lumpectomy.

- Chemotherapy is a systematic use of medication to kill the cancer cells. This treatment can cause uncomfortable side effects such as the loss of appetite, hair loss, nausea, and vomiting.

- Hormone therapy works by blocking the estrogen intake by the cancerous cells. As a result, the cancer is expected to shrink.

- Radiation therapy (also known as radiotherapy or radiation oncology) involves the use of high energy X-ray beams aimed at destroying the cancer cells. Side effects that may occur from this therapy include fatigue and a rash-like patch.

- Targeted drug therapy utilizes medications that are specially formulated in combating the anomalies in the cancer cell.

Thanks to the advancement in medical technology, scientists have come up with advanced breast cancer treatments and cures that can significantly decrease the number of death caused by this debilitating disease. Besides the advanced medical technology, people's awareness to perform breast self-examinations as well as regular screening is also increasing, and thus helps decreasing the death rates from breast cancer.

By David Dodiros

The United States has the highest rate of breast cancer in the world. Breast cancer in America is even indicated as the second most common cancer, after skin cancer. Since 1990, death rates have decreased by almost 30%. Nevertheless, it still causes a lot of death, not just in America, but also worldwide. In 2007, it was expected to cause 40,910 deaths in the US alone, which accounts for almost 2% of all death cases.

There are several risk factors for breast cancer in America which would be different from one area to another. Most of the cases in America are caused by the following factors: older age, menstruating at an early age, older age at first birth or have never given birth, a personal history of breast related diseases (both benign and malignant), radiation therapy on the chest/breast, estrogen or progesterone replacement therapy, or consumption of alcoholic beverages.

However, breast cancer in America seems to have a better prognosis and treatment system nowadays. Before treating the cancer patients, doctors should perform several tests or examinations on the patients, such as:

1. Physical exam and history: Physical examination is done to the whole body to check the general signs of health. A history of the patient's past illnesses and habits could be a reference for the doctor about how to treat the cancer if the patient is indeed suffering from the disease.

2. Mammography: This diagnostic technique utilizes low-energy X-rays to check for any abnormal masses in the breast.

3. Ultrasonography: After a mammogram, it is possible for your doctor to perform ultrasonography as well. This is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses ultrasound (sound waves with the frequency greater than 20,000 Hz).

4. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Like ultrasonography, MRI is also a complementary diagnostic technique. With this method, your doctor can determine which stage your cancer is at right now. Compared to X-ray, it works better at imaging augmented breasts.

5. Blood chemistry studies: A sample of your blood will be taken and tested for any anomalies. When someone has breast cancer, the breast tissue will release certain substances into the bloodstream at unusual amounts (either lower or higher than normal).

6. Biopsy: This is a test that involves the removal of a small part of the breast tissue for examination. The tissue sample is then observed under a microscope to check for any signs of cancer. There are four types of biopsies: excisional biopsy, incisional biopsy, core biopsy, and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy.

By David Dodiros

The causes of breast cancer and its prevention are probably the two major questions of every woman who are concerned about the disease. There are many myths surrounding this disease that are mistaken for facts. Some people believe that it cannot be prevented, and others believe that we cannot detect it through self examination. Those mistaken beliefs lead to confusion and even worsen the condition of the person suffering from breast cancer. To prevent it from occurring in the first place, we must know the causes and the risk factors. Gender and age are the two biggest risk factors. This type of cancer is more common in women over 50 years of age (around 65-70% of all cases). Race also plays a significant role; in the US, white women have a greater risk to develop the cancer than African American women.

If a woman has a history of cancer in one breast, the likelihood for the cancer to develop in other breast is increased by three to four times. Women who have a family history of breast cancer are also at greater risk. You should also be aware of any genetic changes and mutations that are passed along in your family. The disease is linked to the abnormal genes BRCA 1 and BRCA 2. Thus, women who inherit those abnormal genes, especially BRCA 1, should be more aware since they tend to develop the cancer at early age. Additionally, they are also at higher risk to develop ovarian cancer.

Hormonal factors also play a major role, too. Women whose period starts at early age (such as 11 years old or younger) and women who experience late menopause (such as 55 years old and older), are more likely to develop the cancer. Women who give birth before the age of 30 may be protected from breast cancer. On the contrary, women who never give birth at all are at higher risk.Besides child-bearing, breastfeeding is an important factor as well. Mothers who breastfeed their infants are less susceptible to cancer than those who do not.

Other lethal diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke are often linked to poor lifestyle and dietary habits. Breast cancer is not an exception. Women who consume alcohol regularly are at higher risk, depending on the amount consumed. On the other hand, it is believed that regular exercise may reduce the risk, although there is no definitive guide on how much exercise one should do. The risk is also higher in women who receive radiation therapy in the upper body to treat particular diseases before the age of 30, and those who are overweight.

Understanding the causes of breast cancer is very critical. It can help women to prevent the disease from ever happening. Do not let breast cancer take your whole life.

By David Dodiros

By Rock Sethi

There is no doubt the foods people eat affect their overall health and wellness. So you must weigh the consequences of eating foods that are only good tasting but may adversely affect the health and some others foods that will have disease prevention capabilities, even cancer. There are certain foods, when eaten raw or lightly cooked with their nutrients intact, will help prevent various types of cancer. Following is a list of some important foods you must consider to include in your diet:

Green Leafy Vegetables

The fiber, folate, and carotenoids found in green leafy vegetables are the nutrients that can prevent certain types of cancer. Fiber can help in fortifying the body against colorectal cancers, whereas folate and carotenoids work on preventing the onset of cancer in the mouth and the larynx. Since some carotenoids are also anti-oxidants, they can prevent the development and growth of other types of cancer cells, which include breast cancer, skin cancer, lung cancer, and stomach cancer.

Berries

Berries are full of nutrients that prevent cancer in many parts of the body. Berries contain potent phytochemicals that play important role in inhibiting the development of cancer. Ascorbic acid or vitamin C, which is abundant in most berries, protects the digestive tract from cancer. Another nutrient, the ellagic acid, found in raspberries & blackberries counteracts skin, bladder, lung, and other cancers related to internal organs by providing abundance of anti-oxidant that neutralize of some carcinogens.

Cruciferous vegetables

Broccolis, cauliflowers, cabbages, and other cruciferous vegetables prevent cancers related to the digestive tract, which runs from the mouth to the stomach and the intestines. Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinalates, crambene and isothiocyanates that are important in regulating nutrients governing the natural enzyme system, protecting the body against digestive tract cancers.

Herbs

Garlic is one most researched herb by the scientific community for its benefits. Among many benefits, one of the most important one is its cancer prevention ability. Studies show when garlic is consumed regularly by an individual, his or her chances of developing cancer drop significantly. When garlic is eaten raw, it provides several cancer-fighting nutrients, such as allicin, allixin, allyl sulfides, guercetin, etc. These nutrients slow or stop the growth of carcinogenic bodies on the prostate, bladder and the colon. Another ingredient found in garlic, diallyl disulfide, is deemed to prevent skin, colon and lung cancers, as well as leukemia.

Legumes

Beans and other legumes are also on the shortlist of foods for cancer prevention. They contain saponin, protease inhibitors and phytic acid that protect the cells from weakening, which can lead to cancer. They also prevent the growth, division and reproduction of the cancer-causing cells. Raw ground flax seed is the best source of lignans, which is a group of plant estrogens known as phytoestrogens that have anti-cancer benefits, as well as omega-3 fatty acid known as alpha-linolenic acid, which prevent the formation of tumors on the breast, lung, colon, and skin.

If you are looking to form a diet with cancer prevention in mind then you must design recipes that include all foods mentioned above. Enjoy it in good health.

So far, scientists haven't found the exact causes of breast cancer. However, they have identified some risk factors that can increase the likelihood that a person will develop this disease. Learning the causes of breast cancer is essential to help you stay away from the disease. If you think that you are at risk, you should consult your doctor immediately for examination. Here are the risk factors that you should know:

1. Gender: This is considered as the biggest risk factor of breast cancer. This disease commonly occurs in women and that's why being a woman means that you have a higher chance of suffering from this disease.

2. Age: This cancer can happen at any age. However, it is uncommon in women younger than 35 unless they have family history of this cancer. Mostly, breast cancer occurs in women at the age of 50 and this disease is the main causes of death of women between 40-45 years old.

3. Personal history of cancer: A woman who suffered from breast cancer before has a greater chance of developing new cancer in the future. She may develop cancer in the same breast or in the other breast. The risk refers to the development of new tumor and not the return of the previous cancer.

4. Genetic Causes: Family history also plays an important role; you should check both your mother's side and your father's side of the family. Mother, daughter and sister are considered as the first-degree relatives and they contribute higher risk of this cancer. Meanwhile, second-degree relatives like aunt and grandmother also increase cancer risk. The risk will also be higher if you have a relative who develops this cancer in both breasts and suffers from the disease at a young age. About 5-10% breast cancer cases are caused by genetic factors but unfortunately testing for the genes is very expensive. If you are interested in testing your genes, you had better discuss with your health-care provider first.

5. Hormonal Causes: There are many types of hormonal changes that may influence the development of the disease. Women who start their periods at younger age and those who haven't got any children before the age of 30 have higher risk of suffering from this cancer. Women in postmenopausal stage also have an increased risk of the cancer.

6. Lifestyle and Dietary Causes: Poor dietary habits and obesity are other risk factors of the disease. Women who consume alcohol also have higher chance of having this cancer. The risk will increase when someone consumes large amounts of alcohol every day.

Let us help you identify the causes of breast cancer so that you can develop a healthier lifestyle from today.

By David Dodiros

Breast cancer is a condition in which the cells of the breast undergo a malignant growth. The malignant growth of the cells results in a group of cancerous cells (also called malignant tumor) which may spread into surrounding tissues or even to distant parts of the body. This deadly disease can occur in both men and women. However, men are less likely to be affected by it.

To cure the disease, doctors usually recommend their patients to take any or a combination of these treatment options: radiation therapy, targeted drugs, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and surgery to remove a part or the entire affected breast. Sometimes, even after the cancer cells are successfully removed, the disease may re-occur. On the other hand, the cancer can spread to other areas of the body, making it a metastatic breast cancer.

When a person reaches the metastatic stage, it means that the cancer cells have spread way beyond the affected breast. This condition happens when the cells break away from the cancer in the breast. The spread of the cells can occur in lymphatic vessels or blood vessels which may build up a new cancer deposit.

Metastatic breast cancer is also called secondary, invasive, or advanced breast cancer. At this stage, the cells can even be found in the liver, lungs, bones, and brain. Often the disease does not spread to these areas altogether but the location of the spread varies between sufferers. Moreover, it can happen before or after the treatments given to the patient.

When the cancer cells have spread to the liver, usually the patient suffers from symptoms such as tiredness, weight loss, appetite loss, and uncomfortable feeling around the liver area (the right side of the stomach). Some can also suffer from jaundice while others may develop swollen stomach due to fluid build up in the liver. On the other hand, when the cells have reached the lungs, symptoms include dry cough, shortness of breath, pain in the chest, and feeling of heaviness in the chest.

The spread of breast cancer to the bone can elicit symptoms including constant pain in the affected bone which is worsened during movements and creates uneasiness during night sleep. When it has spread to the brain, usually the patient will experience persistent headache, vomiting, and nausea. If the cancerous cells attack a particular part of the brain, other symptoms such as seizures, weakened limbs, or blurry vision may also occur. However, it is also worth noting that these symptoms can be a warning signs of other diseases. At any rate, you should consult a doctor should you experience any of these symptoms.

By David Dodiros

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor which originates from the tissues of the breast, especially the milk ducts and the lobules of the breast. This disease is more common in women and very rarely found in men. In the U.S., it is the second most common type of cancer among women, right after the non-melanoma skin cancer. In fact, it accounts for 28% of all cancer cases in women. Here are several other interesting statistics of breast cancer in the United States:

1. Caucasian women have greater chance of getting breast cancer than African American women. However, survival rate is greater in Caucasian women since African American women tend to be infected with more aggressive cancer cells. However, the cause of the case remains unknown. Women from other ethnicities such as Native American, Asian, or Hispanic have lower risk of developing the cancer if compared to Caucasian or African American women.

2. It is also the second most lethal cancer in women, after lung cancer. In 2010, 39,840 women were estimated to die because of this disease. The number has declined significantly since 1990 thanks to improved medical technology, early screening of the disease, and women's self awareness.

3. Around 5 - 10% of all cases are linked to genetic factors. If a woman inherits abnormal genetic changes or gene mutation from her mother or father, her risk of developing the disease increases up to 80%.

4. Although genetic factors play an important role, about 80% of women who are diagnosed with the disease do not have breast cancer history in her family. The occurrence of the disease is more likely to be caused by gene mutation that happens as a result of the aging process instead of inheritance.

5. Between 1999 and 2006, the rate of the cancer occurrence decreased around 2% each year. It is believed to be the result of the reduced use of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). In 2002, a study entitled the Women's Health Initiative revealed that HRT increases the risk of breast cancer. Additionally, the therapy also increases the risk of uterine, ovarian, colorectal, and lung cancer.

6. 12% of U.S. women (about 1 in 8 women) are estimated to develop invasive or secondary breast cancer during the course of their lives. In 2010 alone, there were 207,090 new cases of this disease.

7. Meanwhile, 1,970 men were expected to develop the similar invasive type of cancer in 2010. This figure makes up roughly 1% of all new cases.

The statistics of breast cancer, especially about breast cancer occurrence and number of deaths caused, are continuously decreasing. Awareness about the disease as well advanced medical technologies are significant key factors to decrease the occurrence rate of the disease.

By David Dodiros

By Lv Hongyu

Diet and cancer are highly related with each other. If you eat food correctly, it has certain effect in the prevention of cancer. Here we will introduce five kinds of anti-cancer food for you.

1. Lung cancer: spinach
Spinach contains many kinds of antioxidants, which can help prevent lung cancer caused by the damage of free radicals. Eating some spinach every day can reduce the risk of lung cancer at least by 50%. In addition, tomato, carrot, pumpkin, pear and apple also can prevent the occurrence of lung cancer.

2. Breast cancer: kelp
Kelp is not only rich in vitamin E and dietary fiber, but also contains trace element iodine. Scientists believe that iodine deficiency is one of the risk factors for breast cancer. As a result, often eating kelp can help prevent breast cancer. Japanese women are less likely to suffer from breast cancer, and this is mainly because that they often eat kelp and other seaweed food. At the same time, sweet potato, tomato, water chestnut, and soybean also have the effect in the prevention of breast cancer.

3. Intestinal cancer: celery
Celery contains a large number of cellulose. After food enters into the intestinal tract, celery can speed up the digestion of the food, clear away the toxic substances in the intestine, and promote the excretion of bile acids, so it is very effective in the prevention of colorectal cancer. In addition, often eating garlic can also reduce the risk of colon cancer by 30%. At the same time, sweet potato, cabbage, and wheat bran are also extremely effective in preventing cancer.

4. Pancreatic cancer: cauliflower
American experts recently point out, eating cauliflower, broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables can reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. Research shows that, this may be related with the natural folic acid contained in these vegetables. In recent years, study also find out that, radish can also help fight against pancreatic cancer. This is because radish contains mustard oil, which can interact with the enzyme. It has the effects of promoting gastrointestinal motility, increasing the appetite and improving the digestion.

5. Skin cancer: asparagus
Asparagus is one of the most popular vegetables in recent years. It is rich in vitamins, nucleic acids and other ingredients, which have a certain effect in the prevention of lymphoma, bladder cancer, skin cancer, and so on.

Besides, soybean can prevent cervical cancer; garlic can prevent gastric cancer; and mushroom can prevent liver cancer.

Breast cancer is not a type of disease that comes without early signs. However, a lot of women fail to identify the first symptoms of breast cancer. As a result, when they find out about the existence of this cancer, it has already reached an advanced state (stage III or IV). Thus, women need to recognize the early signs of this cancer so that the chance of recovery is high. The early detection of the cancer may also prevent further damage to breast tissue. However, the worst thing that can happen besides death is that the affected breast needs to be removed. This normally happens when the cancer has reached stage IV.

The first symptoms of breast cancer usually do not cause any pain. One of the most common early symptoms is a hard lump in the breast. If it remains even after menstruation, you need to consult your doctor about it, because it might be malignant or cancerous. Women need to pay more attention to the upper outer quarter of the breast since about 50% of lumps are found in that area. If you feel a hard mass in your armpit, it might be a sign that the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes. This means that it has reached a more advanced state. The lump can also change the look of the affected breast. It may appear asymmetric or larger than the other breast and you may also notice some dimpling or puckering. The nipple of the affected breast can appear scaly or retracted. The texture of the breast and nipple may also feel like orange skin (this symptom is also known as peu d'orange). A change in color and texture of the areola and nipple discharge (with or without blood) may also indicate the disease. The not so obvious signs are soreness of the breast and nipple, swelling of one arm and weight loss. Women experiencing those three symptoms often mistake them for symptoms of other, not so serious diseases.

Over 80% of breast cancer cases are discovered through self examination and therefore it is extremely important for women to perform breast self examination (BSE) every month, particularly a week after menstruation. If you discover any unusual lumps, you need to consult your doctor immediately. Additionally, women aged 40 and over are advised to get a mammogram every 1 or 2 years. By doing so, if abnormal cells are present, your doctor can do further examination to determine whether the cells are cancerous or not. If they are cancerous, then you will be prescribed the appropriate treatment. If the cancer is detected early, you have a better chance of successful treatment.

By David Dodiros

1. What is breast cancer?

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that originates from breast tissue. Malignant tumor itself is a group of cancer cells which invade the surrounding tissues; it can also spread to other parts of the body which are not directly related to the affected area.

2. How does it occur?

This disease is caused by the mutation or abnormal changes in our genes which trigger the overgrowth of cancerous cells. What normally happens in our body is that when old cells die, they are replaced with new ones. If a genetic mutation occurs, the cells rapidly grow and multiply out of control to form a tumor. The malignant tumor is what we call cancer.

3. What are the warning signs?

One of the most common symptoms of the disease is the presence of a lump in the breast. Abnormal lumps can also be found in the lymph nodes of the armpit. Other symptoms include the change in size, shape, and tenderness of the breast, inversion of the nipple, skin dimpling, and bloody or clear discharge from the nipple.

4. I have breast cancer history in my family. Can I inherit the disease?

Every woman or man can be affected by the disease regardless his or her family history. Although indeed family history increase your risk of getting the cancer, in fact, only 10-15% of all breast cancer cases are believed to be caused by inherited gene mutation. About 80% of women who are diagnosed with the disease do not have family history of the disease.

5. What factors can increase my risk of getting the cancer?

The disease may be caused by many factors including sex, age, race, as well as childbearing and breastfeeding. Women aged 55 or older or those who give birth for the first time after the age of 30 have higher chance of getting the cancer. In the U.S., Caucasian women are also more prone than African American women. On the other hand, women from Native American, Asian, and Hispanic origins have lower risk.

6. Does it also occur in men?

The disease can also occur in men, although very rarely. However, breast cancer cases in men tend to be more serious due to late diagnosis.

7. I am diagnosed with this cancer recently. Can it be cured? What are my odds of surviving?

The chance of survival from the disease depends greatly on what stage it is at. The earlier it is detected, the more likely it can be cured. Thanks to modern medical technology, new diagnostic techniques offer more accurate diagnosis. A patient may undergo treatments such as hormone therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery depending on the type and stage of the cancer.

By David Dodiros

Yet another reason to make some changes in the way you live, especially if you're worried about breast cancer survival rates. A new model created estimates that alterations to lifestyle habits like losing weight, getting more exercise and drinking less alcohol - all within our direct control - could see a reduction in the number of breast cancer cases.

Earlier models of breast cancer risk were based on factors that a woman could not change - family history, and aging for example, so they weren't able to pinpoint the effect of lifestyle choices a woman might make.

The model was developed with data from a case controlled study based in Italy that included 5,000 women and accounted for three risk factors that might be changed:
- alcohol consumption
- being active
- body mass index (BMI)

And five that are impossible (or difficult) to change:
- family history
- employment
- reproductive history
- biopsy history
- education.

Using the model, the researchers saw that it predicted improvements in the risk factors able to be modified - bringing a 1.6% drop (equal to 16,000 less cases) in the mean 20 year risk for a female population aged 65.

There was over a 3% reduction for those who had a family history of disease, and an impressive 4.1% drop for those who had the most risk factors that could not be changed.

The team recognizes that calling for women to make all these lifestyle changes might be unrealistic. And we can't assume these results apply to subjects in nations beyond Italy. Still, these findings will help create public health programs that encourage women to adopt lifestyle changes to keep themselves healthy.

The good news is that the findings will also help medical professionals counsel women on the risk reduction she might achieve by making some simple behavior changes.

After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in the United States. In 2010 alone, 201,000 U.S. women were diagnosed with dangerous, disfiguring breast cancer, with just under 40,000 dying as a result of the disease.

Over the course of a lifetime, your own risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is one in eight. Today our awareness of the toll of this devastating disease has become mainstream, modern research helping improve not only the diagnosis but the treatment of breast cancer as well. Survival rates have gone up thanks to earlier detection, better treatments and an all around improved understanding of the disease itself.

Still, if you're worried about your own risk, this model shows that there are changes you can make to help yourself.
- Reduce your alcohol intake to a maximum of one drink a day.
- Do what you can to get your BMI in the normal range, and
- Be active (150 minutes/week of moderate activity) on a regular basis.

You'll also want to have the screenings recommended for you, at the right age, and report any change (or lump) in your breasts to your doctor, even if you've just had an exam or normal mammogram.

By Kirsten Whittaker

By Anthony DeMarco

What Does Getting Cancer Mean?

The term cancer is used to describe the situation wherein a disruption in the lifecycle of the cells of the human body has occurred. Whereas, normal cells are born, live out their purpose, and die, or undergo apoptosis, cancer cells tend to live on. Worse, they begin to proliferate. They will form tumors that can obstruct the body's vital organs and rob nutrients from nearby healthy cells which, in turn, will lead to the depletion of the host.

There are currently two views on the cause of this malady. Conventional or orthodox medicine sees the disease as a chance occurrence that is caused by genetic mutations. Non-traditional or unorthodox medicine, on the other hand, sees cancer as the result of metabolic imbalances that is the result of lifestyle choices. Because of this, there are also two existing approaches to the cure for cancer: Orthodox practitioners will focus primarily on killing the cancer cells, while non-traditional medicine focuses on restoring the patient's inner biological environment, the change in which is believed to have been the cause of the affliction.

Conventional cancer treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, et cetera. The second approach, on the other hand, includes such treatments as dietary and lifestyle changes, psychological programs, and nutritional supplementation.

Using conventional cancer treatment has also been called waging war on cancer since the foremost objective is to kill cancer cells or subdue them into remission. While the approach has its critics, most medical practitioners agree that it is useful in cases when the cancer is fast-growing and in instances of diffuse blood cancers.

Non-traditional medical practitioners see cancer as a systemic disease, a name given to a number of diseases which have the common attribute of uncontrolled cellular proliferation. They point out that because of this, only treatment programs that address the "whole body" will lead to a long-term cure.
A person, first diagnosed with cancer, will probably be recommended by his/her physician with conventional orthodox treatments. Always remember, though, that it is not the only available course of action. It might not even be the best available option there is.

What do you do when you are diagnosed with cancer?
The first thing to do is not to panic. Cancer is NOT a death sentence. People are cured of cancer. Even if the oncologist tells you the worst thing that could happen, he is only making an educated guess based on current data and conventional treatment methodologies.

First, you need to know the following: the type of cancer you have; the stage it is in; if the cancer has metastasized; the available treatments and their success rates; alternative treatments; and the dietary, lifestyle, and psychological changes that you are willing to make.

Get a treatment program that addresses your needs, and get the right health practitioner to implement that program of treatment.

The next thing to do is to get as much additional information as you can from reading books or visiting the Internet. It is best not to rely solely on the information provided by your doctor.

The following books offer alternative views on cancer: The China Study by T. Colin Campbell, Cancer the full menu by Rolf Gordon, Healing Cancer by Simon Kelly and Enrida Kelly, Cancer Is Not A Disease by Andreas Mortiz, Alternatives in Cancer Therapy: The Complete Guide to Non-Traditional Treatments by Ross Pelton and Lee Overholser, Anticancer: A New Way of Life by David Servan-Schreiber, Winning the War on Cancer by Mark Sircus, and Everything You Need To Know To Help You Beat Cancer by Chris Woolams.

Be sure to exercise some caution when getting information from the Internet by visiting only established sites. It is better to avoid sites that advertise quick cures. Because cancer does not happen overnight, it is a good bet that a cure will not happen instantly.

The third step is to decide on a course of action. There are four options:

Opt for conventional treatments only. An option that is generally preferred by individuals who want to leave health matters to their healthcare providers.

Opt for a combination of both orthodox and unorthodox treatments. For individuals who want the best of both worlds. They might also have a very aggressive type of cancer that requires a rapid reduction in the number of cancer cells as an initial step.

Opt exclusively for alternative treatments. These are individuals who have done the research on the success rate of conventional treatments, were not satisfied with the statistics, and have decided to take their chances using alternative approaches.

Opt for no treatment, at all. This option is, generally, for individuals that are: in complete denial, with cancer types that are developing very slowly, have cancers that cannot be treated with any of the available means at present, or are too old or frail to go through the rigors of treatment.

The option that will eventually be chosen will depend on an individual's present condition, his/her temperament, belief systems, and existing social support structure.

It is also important to bear in mind that treating cancer is not a matter of the more treatments, the better. For example, going for a combination of orthodox and unorthodox treatments will mean doing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatments that are known to contribute to patient death.

The subsequent posts will try to examine how mind-body healing can help cancer patients.

Breast cancer is caused by the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells within the breast tissue. These malignant cells in some cases develop lumps or tumors. When a woman finds an unusual mass in her breast, it can be either malignant or non-malignant, although 80% of the lumps found in the breast are non-malignant and therefore are not cancerous. However, if the diagnosis shows that the mass is indeed malignant, further treatment must be done. Otherwise, the cancer cells can spread to other areas of the body and can lead to death. Women are advised to know how to detect breast cancer to prevent the worst from happening. Thanks to advanced medical technology, there are ways to detect the cancer in its early stages and even before it starts showing symptoms.

Women aged 40 and older are advised to get an annual mammogram and should continue doing this as long as they are in good health. Although this diagnostic technique involves the use of x-ray, the level of radiation is low. It is able to find cancer cells even before they start showing symptoms. The other, simpler method of how to detect breast cancer is by simply performing Breast Self-Examination (BSE) every month. This method is ideal for women in their 20s and should be performed a week after period. Start by lying down on your back, put your right hand behind the head, and press gently around your right breast using the tips of your finger in a small circular motion. Do the same to the left breast by putting the left hand behind the head. Women in their 20s and 30s are also advised to see a doctor for a Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) once every 3 years. On the other hands, those in their 40s should have a CBE every year.

If you find abnormalities around your breast, additional screening is recommended. Your doctor can perform ultrasound, MRI or biopsy (i.e. take a sample of the affected tissue). The result of any of those tests will show if a cancer does occur. Other easy ways of how to detect breast cancer is by paying attention to the early symptoms. Tell-tale signs involve visible changes to the breast, such as redness, nipple retraction, nipple discharge (that may be bloody or not), peu d'orange (orange peel-like skin texture), puckering or dimpling, and onwards. If you experience any of those symptoms, you should see a doctor immediately.

By Andy Mahesa

Breast cancer is caused by various risk factors, and one of them is the mutation of two genes called BRCA1 and BRCA2. People who inherit these genes from either their mother or father are more prone to the disease than those who don't. Thus it is essential for you undergo BRCA gene test if you are likely to inherit these genes. This test is a blood test to check for any mutations in the DNA. From the breast cancer DNA testing, you will know whether you indeed inherit the mutation and the estimation of your risk of developing the cancer.Remember, early detection is the key to successful treatment.

Preparation

If you have been identified as a candidate for this test, there are some preparations that you need to do before the taking the test. First, you have to make an appointment with a genetic counselor to discuss about the test, such as the risks, benefits and limitations. He or she will then examine your family and medical history, estimate the risks, and summarize your options. Before meeting the counselor, it is important to get more info on your family's medical history as well as your personal medical history. Write down some questions related to the test and you can also ask your family member to accompany you during the consultation session. After the consultation, you have the right to decide whether to take the test or not.

Steps of The Breast Cancer DNA Testing

A doctor will take a sample of your blood for testing. The sample will be sent to the laboratory to analyze the DNA and this process will take several weeks. When you have received the test result, meet your counselor to discuss about it.

Expected Results

There are three possible test results, namely positive, negative or uncertain. If your test result is positive, it means that there is a harmful mutation in the genes so that you have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. To reduce the risk, you can increase the frequency of screening (e.g. have clinical breast exam every 6 months instead of once a year), try using oral contraceptives, take preventive medication (chemoprevention), or undergo preventive surgery. If the test result is negative, it means that there is no BRCA gene mutation. However, it is still difficult to draw a conclusion about your risk of developing the cancer. A negative result doesn't mean you are not at risk of having nonhereditary breast cancer.

Risks

When you undergo a BRCA gene mutation test, the risks that you will face are related mostly to financial, emotional or social implications. If your test shows positive result, you may feel anxiety, sadness, anger or other negative feelings. It can also create a strain on family relationship due to the familial genetic mutation. It is also possible that the result can lead to insurance discrimination.

By Andy Mahesa

By Kopon Betet

Smoking is only one among many avoidable causes of cancer. Alcohol is another; so are certain foods and certain substances added to foods to preserve or flavor them. Over-exposure to the sun's radiation can produce a skin cancer, the penetrating radiation of X-ray can cause cancers deep in the body. Most insidious and diverse of all are the cancer-causing chemicals encountered in factories, mines and almost every other area in which materials are processed or chemically changed. Hardly a month passes in which cancer detectives do not identify a new suspect for this rogues gallery or find a new outbreak of a known criminal.

Substances and forces that cause cancer are called carcinogens. The hunt for them goes on and campaigns to eradicate them are only beginning to have an effect. But if every carcinogen now recognized could be eliminated overnight, the incidence of cancer would be cut in half by the year 2000.

It is in the light of such hard facts that Dr.Vincent De Vita's statement on cancer's curability assumes its full dimensions. Half of all cancers can be prevented; more than half of those that cannot be prevented can be cured. Over the next generation, because of these 2 facts alone, the annual number of cancer deaths in the industrialized world can be reduced from 183 to 55 per 100,000. The estimate is conservative; further-and almost certain-advances in prevention and cure would improve it. Clearly, the war against cancer is winnable and it is being won.

The war is far from over. Cancer remains a major killer. On many fronts, campaigns against the disease falter or do not move all. Avoiding carcinogens in everyday life means giving up cherished habits; eliminating them from the workplace has heavy economic consequences - lost jobs, lost revenues and increased costs. Early detection and diagnosis, which offer the best chance of curing a cancer, are often neglected or ignored; and some types of cancer still stubbornly resist the best available treatment.

The battles that have been won in the desperate war on cancer are almost entirely victories of recent years. Until the end of the 19th century, the disease was indeed essentially incurable; some superficial cancers could be removed by surgery, but nothing more. At the turn of the 20th the range of therapy broadened to include X-ray treatments, which can burn away both surface and deep cancers; the nature and causes of the disease, however were still matters of speculation. Then with the explosive growth of medical knowledge following World War II, scientist and physicians acquired four major resources in their unending battle, all new and all further strengthened with each passing year. They know how to prevent most cancers. they have superb diagnostic tools to catch it early, often long before any ordinary symptoms of illness appear. They have an arsenal of marvelously effective weapons against it; treatments by surgery, radiation and drugs that far surpass anything the world has ever known. And perhaps most important, they know what cancer is.

Breast cancer is the second most common and also the second most lethal cancer in women in the United States. It occurs when cancerous cells develop in the breast tissue, most commonly in the milk ducts or glands. The cells grow uncontrollably and, in some cases, they can even spread to other parts of body which are not directly connected to the breast, such as the liver, bones, lungs, and brain. This kind of condition is also known as metastatic, advanced, or secondary breast cancer.

Generally breast cancer shows several symptoms, including:

1. A lump in the breast which can be the size of a pea which persists even after one menstrual cycle. An unusual mass found in the underarm can also be a sign of the disease. Lumps are one of the first and very general symptoms of breast cancer. They generally are painless, but in some cases, sufferers can also feel a prickling sensation. They can be detected by mammography even before they can be felt or seen.

2. Changes in the breast size, temperature, contour, and texture. The affected breast can either swell up or shrink depending on the type of the cancer. It can also show other signs such as orange peel-like skin surface (also known as peu d'orange), flattening or indentation, a marble-like area under the skin, and higher temperature at the affected breast.

3. Pain and the feeling of tenderness of the breast.

4. The swelling of the lymph nodes in the underarm.

5. Changes that can be seen or felt in the affected nipple, such as nipple retraction, burning sensation, itchiness, ulceration, or the scaling of the nipple (which is also a common symptom of Paget's disease). Sometimes the nipple also produces bloody or clear discharge.

All the symptoms and signs can be seen with naked eyes and felt with manual examination. Nevertheless, breast self-exams are not recommended by some medication centers. Consult your doctor about the limitations and benefits of the self-examination before doing it. There are other, more accurate ways to examine the early symptoms of breast cancer, including clinical examination, mammogram, ultrasound scanning, and needle test (FNAC). All of these tests can be performed only by healthcare professionals. You are advised to have the examination(s) regularly, at least once in a year. The best time to get your breast examined is shortly after the end of your menstrual cycle since your breast will be in the most normal condition (not swollen or tender), making any abnormal changes easier to detect.

By Andy Mahesa

There are four stages of breast cancer, from stage 1 to stage 4. In stage 1, the cancer is least severe and the chance of recovery is still high. However, at stage 4, the malignant tumor has spread to other parts of the body (such as the lungs, skin, bones, liver, brain, or distant lymph nodes) and is very difficult to cure. Thus, this stage is also known as advanced or metastatic stage. The cancer might be already at the advanced stage when it is first discovered, but it can also be a reappearance of previous breast cancer that has already affected other parts of the body. It is a very serious condition and requires focused treatments. Stage 4 breast cancer prognosis involves the prediction of outcome and the chance of survival that are based on other patients' experiences. Here are the prognosis factors of a stage 4 breast cancer:

1. The first factor is the survival tendency. As a matter of a fact, the five-year survival rate for patients suffering from metastatic breast cancer is only 20 percent. Thus, the aim of the treatment is a long term survival of the patient, since the cancer at this stage is incurable.

2. Hormonal factors also play an important role. Estrogen and progesterone that can be found in birth control medications or hormone replacement therapy can actually cause the cancerous cells to grow. A hormone receptor status test will show whether or not any of these hormones are causing the growth of the malignant tumor. If the patient is estrogen receptor positive (ER+) or progesterone receptor positive (PR+), the cancer should respond well to hormone suppression treatments. Moreover, the three-year survival rate for ER+/PR+ patients reaches 97 percent while the survival rate for ER-/PR- patients is only 83 percent.

3. Histology is another important factor since it determines the degree of aggressiveness of the disease by identifying the types of cancer cells found in the tumor. For instance, the type of breast cancer known as tubular adenocarcinoma is considered as the most survivable. On the other hand, inflammatory breast cancer is very aggressive and the five-year survival rate for stage 4 is only about 11 percent.

4. Other factors that affect the stage 4 breast cancer prognosis and survival rates are the areas in which the cancer has spread, the size of the tumor, age and race factor, genetic history, response to treatment such as chemotherapy, biological therapy, clinical trials, medications, radiation therapy and surgery.

Figuring out stage 4 breast cancer prognosis is crucial. It can help finding out the chance of survival of the patient and the treatment required.

By Andy Mahesa

Husbands have to suffer a lot when their wives are out on a vacation for a day or two. This is when they realize that their wives manage their houses, kids, offices and everything incredibly well. A Woman has to be fit as a fiddle round the clock right from making early breakfast for her son to late night dinner for her husband. All this requires a lot of hard work, patience and of course strength. Be it a Sunday or a Monday, she doesn't get any time to sit and think about her health. Women have proved their immense talent in every field. They try to be perfect mothers, wives, colleagues, employees and friends but if all of this is at stake of their health then this is of no use. Health comes first but for women it comes very first.

If they are over thirty, special attention needs to be given to their health, nutrition and weaknesses. Breast Cancer it is becoming quite frequent in women these days. The symptoms may vary from swelling to skin changes. Other symptoms can be dimpling, breast pain, nipple pain, nipple discharge, redness or thickening of breast skin or any kind of lump. Any lump which can be felt might not be cancer. If they feel that the lump is spread non-uniformly then they should go for cancer examination. The lump might be tender and small and might not be felt. Regular check up might help detecting it. One thing which must be remembered is that cancer can be killed if detected at early stages.

Prevention:
A healthy diet and regular exercise are necessary not only for maintaining overall health but also to prevent breast cancer. An aerobic activity for decent 30-60 minutes, fruits, vegetables and whole grain diet with low fat, limited red meat consumption and no alcohol are a few steps which would put you at lower risks of having breast cancer. These tips if followed regularly would help you remain healthy for the rest of your life.

A woman who has had full term pregnancy before age of 30 or if she has fed her children for over 12 months is at lower risk than a woman who has not. The key to avoid this cancer is staying healthy and fit. If a woman is at risk of having cancer based on above criteria she should do Breast Self Examination every month and should go to doctor for regular check up. Tamoxifen and Raloxifen are two drugs to prevent breast cancer. A doctor must be consulted before their use to know about the risks and benefits they have.

If you are a woman, do follow these tips to stay healthy, fit and smart. You must remember that there are a lot of lives connected with you. Falling sick and getting tired are not in your dictionary. If you are a husband, take good care of her and ensure that she is regular in her check-ups. If you are a son, make her feel happy and proud of you because you know she is important to you. Keep telling her 'stay healthy mom'.

By Bunny Nikol Brome

By Rakesh K Gupta

In simple terms the cancer is the uncontrolled growth of few cells and the resulting mass of cells produced thereby is tumor. How a biological cell/cells acquire uncontrolled growth and become oncogenic, is a matter of vast research since last several years. The understanding of actual cause of a cell becoming oncogenic and producing a tumor will actually help in preventing and curing the dreaded disease. The most common cause as generally known is the genetical one and the specific DNA sequence are regarded to be responsible for the disease. Environmental factors, intake of some caner stimulants, metabolism related problems etc are also considered for the causal agents of the cancer. The change in DNA structure, function of the protein, changed protein structure and metabolic anomalies are some of the causes which can be attributed to the initiation and further advancements of the cancer and resulting into large sized tumors.

The cancer is not so simple as it seems to be. It is a very complex system. There was an understanding regarding cancer that all the cancerous or oncogenic or malignant cells behave individually and there is no coordination of these cells with one another. But the recent researches have demonstrated that the all the malignant cells behave as an organ or tissue system and the growth of tumor takes place as a result of specific coordination of malignant cells in their own microenvironment/s. Specific biomarkers are needed to diagnose the cancerous cells prevailing in the body of an individual. Samples of DNA and malignant tissues are needed for diagnosis purposes. These clinical samples from diverse resources are covered under biobanking. The interactions of various proteins and their etiology are major things in cancer and tumor research. The cancer specific proteins are treated as biomarkers and are used for cancer diagnosis. The microenvironment of malignant cells as well as normal cell's environment together is referred to as stroma. For curing the cancer, this stroma is targeted. The integrated system of cancer cure includes the collective efforts of experts of many branches mainly imaging science, medical science, physics, mathematics, information technology and the most important computer technology.

In case of plants, the cancerous or oncogenic or malignant cells are being used in a very positive manner by utilizing the totipotency of the living cells, for producing the new plants from the tumors. In the area of plant tissue culture, for micropropagating a particular plant or species, the cancer is induced in the normal cells of the plants by applying specific amounts of particular hormones. The improper balance of hormones cause the normal cells to act as cancerous and start developing tumor in the normal tissue of the plants. After tumor is formed, application of some specific hormones in specific amounts induces the tumor cells to produce several new plantlets. These plantlets are separated from the tumor cells and after optimization process, each plantlet becomes a new plant. If any how this becomes possible for humans also, the totipotency can be utilized to produce human organs for grafting purposes. This will be a new chapter in the history of medical science.

Breast cancer is a vicious and tragic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Even if someone does not have cancer, the effects of it can be felt regardless. Most people have a friend, family member, or neighbor whose life has been touched in some way by the disease.

That's why Delville, a famous perfumer, decided to take a stand against breast cancer by developing a perfume to cure breast cancer. The perfume, called Promise Me, donates a substantial amount from each purchase to Susan G. Komen for the Cure, a well-known and innovative breast cancer research and treatment facility.

Each purchase of a Promise Me perfume allows the foundation to get a considerable donation, and the money will be used to -

    * Fund research into destroying cancer cells
    * Educate men and women about how to cope with cancer
    * Diagnose the disease in its earlier stages
    * Treat cancer patients and give them a second chance at life

Promise Me is an amazing idea that allows average people to donate to the cause while still getting something for themselves in return.

If you're like me, you're probably wondering what a perfume to cure breast cancer smells like. Promise Me has multiple, complex layers of scent that incorporate delicate rosewood and orchid laced with zestier scents like mandarin.

Delville dedicated himself to creating a perfume that represented life, joy, and hope. Promise Me is his attempt to bring breast cancer awareness to the forefront of world attention.

Thankfully, Promise Me has caught on with the public and is doing well enough. However, there is the potential to do a lot more for cancer patients in the future. That's why public participation in a program like Promise Me is so important.

Did you know that breast cancer occurs in men as well? Yes, it is true, and it is much more common than one might think. Do yourself and your loved ones a favor. Get yourself screened. Early detection is key. And while you're at it, ask your friends to do it too.

One of the best ways I've seen to make the process easier is to make a day out of it. Go to breakfast with your friends in the morning, all of you go have a screening, then spend the rest of the day having fun!

With simple steps like this, the terrible disease can usually be avoided all together. But for those who were not so fortunate, Promise Me is a ray of hope that gives patients a second chance at life. What better way to donate than to receive something for yourself in addition to the satisfaction of knowing that you can save someone's life.

You can support a perfume to cure breast cancer.

Promise Me, a perfume designed with the sole purpose of curing breast cancer, is the best way to donate to breast cancer research. I've seen some amazing ideas come out of the Promise Me campaign, and one simple purchase is all it takes to save the life of a cancer patient.

By Carrie Ott

A new development in the field of breast cancer awareness and support has uncovered an amazing new tactic to put a stop to the disease forever - perfume.

Perfume?

Yes, you heard correctly. The Promise Me fragrance has dedicated itself to finding a cure for breast cancer; as a matter of fact, Promise Me is the only perfume in existence to do so. So what exactly is Promise Me?

Promise Me is a perfume created by Jean Claude Delville, a famous and very popular perfumer. He created the cancer perfume to support research into the eventual destruction of the disease all together. His main goal, however, was to support cancer patients who are being treated - he hoped to give them a second chance at life.

And that is where the public comes in. Promise Me is available to the public, and it makes a great gift idea. Everyone knows that perfume is a wonderful present for family, friends, neighbors, or whoever!

The best part of it is, whenever any Promise Me product is sold, a considerable portion of the sale price becomes a donation that goes directly to Susan G. Komen for the Cure, an innovative and advanced breast cancer research and treatment center.

As stated above, the Promise Me fragrance to cure cancer is aimed at funding research and aiding in the treatment of patients. But, there's even more that those funds will be used for, including -

    * Educating men and women about cancer and how to fight it
    * Providing speedier diagnosis so that cancer can be caught in earlier stage - remember, early detection is crucial to saving lives!

As a little-known fact, men can and do get breast cancer, and it is far more frequent than most people think it is. This cancer perfume is not only going to help women - treatment and help will be provided to anyone who needs it, man and woman alike.

Promise Me is a wonderful way for the average person to support breast cancer research and fight for a cure while getting something for themselves or a loved one in return. Not only will each buyer get their breast cancer perfume, other things are included like a scented bracelet and a book detailing the moving struggle of Susan Komen and her sister, whose lives were touched by this cancer. This story includes the details of how Susan pioneered the movement to stop cancer forever.

By Carrie Ott

Breast cancer is one of the top cancers in women today. Most of us would know someone who has, or has had breast cancer, and with the ongoing media coverage of the condition, women are becoming increasingly aware of the condition. National breast screening programmes, dedicated breast clinics, advances in modern treatment methods together with ongoing research, all play their part in the early detection and successful treatment.

What is Cancer?

Cells throughout the body are continually being lost and replaced, occuring in a state of balance. If, for some reason, the control mechanisms ensuring this balance become disrupted, a cell may start multiplying out of control - a tumour is then born.

Tumours are classified into whether they are benign or malignant. Benign tumours are those which, whilst growing in a uncontrolled manner, do not spread beyond the confines of their anatomical boundaries. Malignant tumours, on the other hand, are those which have the ability to invade structures and thereby enabling them to spread beyond their anatomical boundaries. They are also able to spread to distant parts of the body by invading the blood and lymphatic systems. The characteristic feature shared by all cancers is that this usual balance between cell loss and cell multiplication is disrupted.

What are the Risk Factors for developing Breast Cancer?

Some women with one, or even a few risk factors, never go on to develop breast cancer, whilst there are many women with breast cancer who have no apparent risk factors.

The Following are known risk factors:

• Having had cancer in one breast: this increases 3 to 4 fold, the risk of developing a new breast cancer, unrelated to the first, in the other breast, or in another part of the same breast.
• Getting older: the risk of breast cancer increases with age, the peak incidence occurring in the 55 to 59 age group. Whilst breast cancer predominantly affects older women, it can occur in women under 30 years of age.
• Family history of breast cancer: having a first degree relative (mother, sister or daughter) with breast cancer increases your risk of having breast cancer yourself.
• Predisposing breast conditions: history of certain breast conditions, such as atypical lobular or ductal hyperplasia, and lobar carcinoma in-situ, increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
• Genetics: carriers of alterations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are at higher risk of developing breast cancer. Women suspected to have genetic risk for breast cancer should undergo genetic risk assessment by a specialist (ideally in a cancer genetics clinic). Women with this BRCA mutation have about a 5 - 10 times increased risk for developing breast cancer compared to women without this mutation. They also tend to present with breast cancer at a much earlier age.
• Being Overweight
• Alcohol intake
• Race: caucasian women have been found to be at slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer than their African-American, Hispanic, Native American and Asian counterparts.
• Presence of other cancers in the family: a positive family history of cancers of the ovaries, uterus, cervix or colon increases the risk of you developing breast cancer.
• Excessive exposure to radiation
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): long term use of combined oestrogen and progesterone increases the risk of breast cancer.
• Late childbirth: having your first child after the age of 35 or never having children increases your risk of breast cancer.
• Early menarche: if you had your first period before the age of 12 years, your risk is increased.
• Late menopause: if you reach menopause very late, this would also increase your risk of breast cancer.

What are the Symptoms?

Breast cancer, in its early stages, usually has no symptoms. As the tumour grows, some of the following symptoms may be noticed:

• Lump in the breast or underarm that does not change in size with your mensus. Lumps due to breast cancer are typically painless.
• Changes in the colour or skin of the breast, areola or nipple (e.g. puckering, dimpling or scaling)
• Change in the nipple, such as retraction (pulled in nipple), itching or burning sensation, or discharge from the nipple.
• A marble-like hardened area under the skin of the breast.
• Change in the size or shape of the breast

What Can Help Decrease the Risk of Developing Breast Cancer?

A healthy balanced diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding over-consumption of alcohol, will help decrease the chances of developing breast cancer, along with a host of other diseases. Minimizing the use of Hormone Replacement Therapy to as short a time as possible will also minimize risk.

Having regular screening mammograms will not decrease the risk of developing breast cancer, but it enables the best chance of early detection, where treatment is generally more successful.

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

Many women present to their doctors with breast symptoms which do not turn out to be due to cancer. Common benign conditions of the breast include fibroadenomas and fibrocystic disease of the breast. However, all new breast changes should be evaluated by a doctor.

Doctors generally make the diagnosis of breast cancer by employing what is commonly known as the "Triple Test". As its name suggests, there are three parts to it:

(i) Clinical Examination
(ii) Imaging of the Breast
(iii) Breast Biopsy

1. Clinical Examination

Breast examination by a doctor involves inspecting and palpation of all 4 quadrants (the breast is typically categorized into 4 parts) of both breasts, the area under the nipples, and under both arms to feel for lymph node enlargement.

2. Imaging of the Breast

Mammography is the commonest test used to detect breast cancer. In younger women who tend to have much denser breast tissue, mammograms may be difficult to read and doctors may request for other imaging methods instead.

Benign breast lumps are typically rounded with smooth edges. Cancers, by contrast, usually appear denser with an irregular edge. The surrounding tissue may also be distorted by invading cancer cells. Cancers may also be associated clusters of calcium flecks which show up on mammograms as bright white dots.

Ultrasound of the breast is a good way to focus on areas of the breast which are of particular concern, such as in a region where a lump is felt. It is also frequently done in younger women with denser breast tissue in whom mammograms may not be suitable.

MRIs are sometimes used to assist in the screening of women at high risk of breast cancer, obtaining more detailed assessment of an area of particular concern found on mammogram or ultrasound, as well as in the monitoring for recurrence after treatment.

3. Breast Biopsy

Fine-Needle Aspiration

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) involves collecting a small sample of breast tissue using a long, thin needle and a syringe. FNAs are done under local anaesthesia. Mammograms or ultrasounds are often used to help locate the area of concern. Cells aspirated are then sent to a pathology laboratory for staining and interpretation.

Core / Mammotome Biopsy

This is similar to the FNA, however, in this case a much larger needle is used to obtain a "worm" of breast tissue rather than just some cells as in that obtained by an FNA. The core biopsy is also done under local anaesthesia and it gives doctors more breast tissue to work on, increasing the accuracy of diagnosis.

Open Surgical Biopsy

This requires a cut in the skin, in order to remove a sample of the lump, or sometimes, the entire lump. This method, whilst being the most accurate method of differentiating benign from cancerous lesions, is a lot more invasive than the previously discussed methods.

Your breast surgeon will advise you on the most appropriate method for obtaining a biopsy sample for you.

Factors Which Affect Prognosis:

Several factors are know to affect the likelihood of successful treatment and the risk of recurrence.

These would include the following:

• The stage of the cancer (size of tumour, whether it has spread to the lymph nodes or to other parts of the body)
• The type of breast cancer (eg. tubular, mucinous, papillary)
• Whether the tumour is hormone receptor (estrogen/progesterone receptors) positive or negative
• Histological grade
• Human epidermal growth factor type 2 receptor (HER2) gene amplification and/or overexpression
• Whether the tumour is a new one or a recurrence
• The age, menopausal status and general health of the woman

Treatment:

Surgery is considered to be the primary treatment of breast cancer and many patients with early breast cancer are cured by surgery alone. Surgery aims to completely remove the tumour, as well as to achieve clear resection margins, in order to reduce the risk of tumour recurrence. Several types of surgery are performed (eg. mastectomy, lumpectomy) but these will not be discussed in this article.

Adjuvant therapy is designed to treat micrometastatic disease (cancer cells which have escaped the breast and regional lymph nodes, and which have not yet had an established identifiable metastatic focus). It is given after primary therapy to increase the long-term disease-free survival.

Types of adjuvant therapy include chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies.

Dr Ang C.D. has been in medical practice for over 12 years. He graduated with an M.B.B.S. degree from the National University of Singapore in 1997 and subsequently completed his post-graduate diploma in Family Medicine.

He has had training in Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Neurosurgery, General Surgery, Colorectal Surgery and Urology.

Dr Ang currently practices in a family clinic in Singapore, seeing a good mix of paediatric, adult and geriatric patients.

With the goal of providing local and international patients with a resource for specialist care in Singapore, Dr Ang has founded SingaporeDoc.com, a Web Directory of Specialists in Private Practice in Singapore. http://www.singaporedoc.com

By Dr Ang C. D.

By Todd Wertz

A father usually jumps for joy once he knows that his wife is bearing their baby. In fact, most men feel complete knowing that they have the ability to give life. As for mothers, carrying their child inside their womb for nine months is still a miracle. They even consider it a gift from God.

Truly, having a child is the most unforgettable moment that parents could ever have. But aside from the happiness of having a child, there are different challenges that these parents need to surpass. This holds true for those parents who have a child with terminal diseases like cancer. Both of them will need to get through the difficulties of accepting the truth about the condition of their child. This is also very painful since a child is being considered as a treasure for parents. However, with time and love, each of the family members will have the courage to accept and to face the situation at hand.

Cancer is agonizing for adults. But it is more heart-breaking for children suffering from it. Part of the disease is the hair loss. Alopecia, or hair loss, is common amongst children who are undergoing cancer treatment. With this condition, the person's self-esteem tends to get tested. The child could feel that she doesn't belong, and that she is not beautiful. This fact also affects parents since they will see the misery in their child. Wigs are most often the solution to this problem. Here are some tips on choosing wigs:

First, choose the material. There are three common materials that parents can select for their child. These are the synthetic wigs, human hair wigs, and lace wigs. Synthetic wigs are machine-made which cost lesser but more durable than the other types of wigs. Human hair wigs can give a natural look for the child, but they are expensive. The lace wigs are the most stylish among them which the child can enjoy. But the most important factor in choosing a wig is that the child must be comfortable wearing it because she will be using it every day.

Second, select the color. It is much better if parents select the natural hair color like black, brown, and blond. This will really make her look like she has her hair back, even though it is just a wig. If parents choose colors that are weird, people might be looking which could offend the child.

Third, pick out the style. To complete the wig, choose a style that will make the child look beautiful. There are wigs that come in ponytail style. Girls love to style their hair. In fact, hair for them is important. That's why wigs can help them retain their self-esteem even with their serious condition.

Fourth, ensure that it will fit the child. The size of the wig is necessary because having a wig that is too tight or too loose can cause the child to feel uncomfortable and irritated. Getting the perfect size will also make the child enjoy wearing her wig. Once the wig has already been bought, it is difficult to re-size the wig; thus, proper measurements must be done first.

Lastly, consider the budget. It is not necessary that parents choose the most expensive wig. As long as the child is comfortable and satisfied with it, that's what matters most.