Prostatic cancer is the most common cancer in men over the age of fifty.Adenocarcinoma is the most common form. Prostate cancers seldom produce symptoms until the cancer is in the advanced stage so early diagnosis is essential as in the early stages the disease is curable.

Location and Function
The Prostate is an organ forming part of the male reproductive system. In younger men the prostate is about the size of a walnut. It is doughnut shaped as it surrounds the beginning of the urethra, the tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the penis. The nerves that control erections surround the prostate.

Signs and Symptoms
1. Waking frequently at night to urinate
2. Difficulty in starting to urinate
4. Slow flow of urine and difficulty in stopping
5. Discomfort when urinating
6. Painful ejaculation
7. Blood in the urine or semen
8. Decrease in libido (sex urge)
9. Reduced ability to get an erection

Most men tend to accept the onset of one or more of these symptoms as being a natural consequence of ageing. Early expert diagnosis and treatment is important and may avert potentially serious health consequences.

Prostate cancer is usually one of the slower growing cancers. In the past, it was most frequently encountered in men over 70, and many of those men died of other causes before their prostate cancer could kill them. This led to the old saying; most men die with, not of, prostate cancer. Three developments have changed things considerably:

1. Men are living longer, giving the cancer more time to spread beyond the prostate, with potentially fatal consequences.

2. More men in their early sixties, fifties and even forties are being detected with prostate cancer. Earlier on-set, combined with the greater male life expectancy, means those cancers have more time to spread and become life-threatening unless diagnosed and treated.

3. Prostate cancer in younger men often tends to be more aggressive and hence more life-threatening within a shorter time.

Risk Factors and Testing
Risk factors for prostate cancer include diets high in fat and low in vegetables. Risk factors include age; 75% of cases are in men over 65 years.

Prostate cancer is most often discovered by physical examination or by screening blood tests, such as the PSA (prostate specific antigen) test.
The PSA test measures the blood level of prostate-specific antigen, an enzyme produced by the prostate.

The risk of prostate cancer increases with increasing PSA levels. The majority of men who reach age 85, in fact, have cancerous prostate cells, but the disease is developing so gradually that it never threatens their quality of life.

Genetic factors play a role, particularly for families in whom the diagnosis is made in men under 60 years of age, and the risk of prostate cancer rises with the number of close relatives who have the disease.

Preventative measures
Researchers at Harvard University found that men who ate cooked tomatoes or foods made with them (tomato sauce or ketchup, for instance) more than twice a week were less likely to develop prostate cancer.

Daily use of anti-inflammatory medicines such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen may decrease prostate cancer risk. Frequent ejaculations also seem to have a definite protective effect against Prostrate cancer.

Many prostate cancers are not destined to be lethal, and most men will ultimately die from causes other than of the disease. Because many prostate tumors are slow growing, survival rates are excellent when the disease is detected in its early stages.

Treatment
The most appropriate treatment is primarily determined by the stage and aggressiveness (how quickly it is growing and spreading) of the disease when it is discovered. Detecting prostate cancer early is the key to beating the disease.

Many factors affect the decision whether or not to treat the disease: the patient's age, whether the cancer has spread, the presence of other medical conditions, and the patient's overall health.

Treatment for prostate cancer may involve watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy including brachytherapy and external beam radiation, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), chemotherapy, cryosurgery, hormonal therapy, or some combination.

Prostate Cancer Questions and Answers
While many illnesses and diseases are well understood, prostate cancer is one of the remaining cancerous conditions that is shrouded in misunderstanding. For many men, prostate cancer affects the very core of how they define their own manhood. The prostate is a key component in the sexual performance and ability of men. Prostate cancer than strikes at the very heart of how many men view themselves.
1. What really is prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer is any abnormal and malignant growth of cells in the tissues of the prostate gland and possibly all over and beyond the prostate.

2. What is advanced prostate cancer?
This is one of the stages of prostate cancer where the cancerous cells have spread outside the prostate into other parts of the victim's body, causing damage along the way. There are four basic stages of prostate cancer.

3. What are the stages of prostate cancer?
Stage I of prostate cancer is when the cancer is only in the prostate area and hasn't spread outside the prostate.
Stage II of prostate cancer is when the cancer is still within the prostate, but is advancing.
Stage III of prostate cancer is when the cancer has now spread beyond the outer layer of the prostate into nearby tissues.
Stage IV is the stage that all men dread. In this stage of the cancer, it has spread to other parts of the body also known as metastatic prostate cancer

4. What is metastatic prostate cancer?
It is another name for advanced prostate cancer where the cancerous cells have grown outside the prostate and is growing into other parts of the body. Metastatic prostate cancer is extremely serious.

5. What causes prostate cancer?
There is no singular factor that causes prostate cancer. Heredity is suspected to play a large role in prostate cancer as is the race of the patient. Black men are much more likely to have prostate cancer than other groups.

6. What can I do about Prostate Cancer?
If you have a prostate and are over 50 years of age, you should really consider getting a yearly prostate exam and having a simple PSA blood test done. This information will provide a baseline for future reference.

Remember that the earlier you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, the more you have to fight this deadly disease and win.

Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. It is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Colorectal cancer causes 655,000 deaths worldwide per year, including about 16,000 in the UK, where it is the second most common site (after lung) to cause cancer death.[1] Many colorectal cancers are thought to arise from adenomatous polyps in the colon. These mushroom-like growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time.

Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
Many people with colon cancer experience no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. When symptoms appear, they'll likely vary, depending on the cancer's size and location in your large intestine.

Abdominal discomfort (e.g., pain, bloating, cramping, fullness)
Change in bowel habits
Constipation or diarrhea
Narrow stools
Nausea and vomiting

Most of these symptoms are more likely to be caused by conditions other than colorectal cancer, such as infection, hemorrhoids, or inflammatory bowel disease. Still, if you have any of these problems, it's important to see your doctor right away so the cause can be found and treated, if needed.

What Are the Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer?
A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. For example, exposing skin to strong sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer, and smoking is a risk factor for cancers of the lungs larynx, mouth, throat, esophagus, kidneys, bladder, colon and several other organs.

Diabetes
Genetic disorders such as familial polyposis syndromes and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome (HNPCC)
Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Crohn's colitis, granulomatous colitis)
Personal history of intestinal polyps or colorectal cancer
Alcohol
Research has indicated that alcohol increases colorectal cancer risk.
Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
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Surgery is the treatment of choice for colorectal cancer. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and the overall health of the patient. Given before surgery, radiation may reduce tumor size. This can improve the chances that the tumor will be removed successfully.

Laparoscopic surgery -- Also called "keyhole surgery," this innovative approach is being used for some patients with colon cancer. During the procedure, a lighted tube, called a laparoscope, and special instruments are placed inside the body through a few small incisions in the abdomen, rather than one large one. The surgeon is then guided by the laparoscope, which transmits a picture of the intestinal organs on a video monitor and then removes diseased areas of the intestines. Laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer offers an alternative and many advantages to standard surgery, including less pain and a shorter recovery period.

Side Effects of Radiation for Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer can be cured in most cases, when it s diagnosed in early stages. It is the medical oncologists, gastroenterologists, radiation oncologists and surgeons, who specialize in treating such cancers in women.

Colorectal cancer may be treated depending upon the exact location of the tumour present, its stage and size. Although surgery and chemotherapy (radiation therapy) are the most common treatment methods, many women receive a combined treatment of both these methods. However, recent studies show that there are many side effects of radiation for colorectal cancer.

Radiation Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Radiation therapy uses high energy rays for killing cancer cells. In fact, it affects the cancer cells lying only in the affected area. Two types of radiation therapies, namely the internal radiation and external radiation, are used for treating colorectal cancer.

Side-effects of Using Radiation Therapy
Although radiation therapy has been mostly successful in the treatment of colorectal cancer, there are many side effects of this technique. These side effects usually depend on the part of the body and the dose of radiation given to the patient. Some common side effects of radiation for colorectal cancer treatment are vomiting, hair loss, extreme tiredness, bleeding, easy bruising and increased susceptibility to different infections.

Women undertaking radiation therapy may experience symptoms like vomiting, nausea, bloody stools, urinary discomfort and diarrhoea. The skin where radiation is given may even become tender, dry or red.

Radiation therapy may also cause alopecia (hair loss) in the area, where treatment is carried out. Many women have experienced the side effect of having low white blood cell counts when they have undergone radiation therapy for colorectal cancer. However, this side effect of having low levels of WBC due to radiation is comparatively rare. These cells prevent bleeding and fight your body infection. Radiation therapy can even affect your ability to have children (the same is in the case of your part, if he undergoes the therapy). Some of the other possible side effects resulting from radiation therapy may include discomfort or pressure in the excretory region, burning sensation during urination, fatigue, skin irritation, abdominal cramping, frequent bowel movements and nausea. However, these side effects are temporary, as they tend to resolve after the termination of radiation therapy for colorectal cancer.

Measures for Controlling Side Effects of Radiation Therapy
Although these side effects vary with different patients, they can be controlled by using different medications and inflicting changes in your diet. Do not wear tight clothes and avoid scrubbing, rubbing and putting adhesive tapes on the skin where treatment is done.

Take special care to protect your treated skin from direct sunlight. Since your skin becomes very sensitive during this time, cover it with a dark cloth if possible before going out.

Oncology teams mission in daily work is the prevention and treatment of brain cancer. They research, test, and administer brain cancer treatment. Depending on the stage, location of tumor, and age of the patient, a treatment plan for the cancer can begin. Usually involving surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and other treatment simultaneously, brain cancer treatment is an aggressive attack on the cancerous tissue masses found.

Many treatment methods are available that can be used alone, but this depends on just how advanced the brain cancer has developed. The most interesting portion of brain cancer treatment lay in the tests that are performed before the surgery treatment option is chosen.

Electrocardiograms or EKG is done, chest x-rays, and other test that detect the presence of any uncontrolled disease of the body exist first. Hypertension, diabetes, coronary ischemia, and a disease that inhibits the bodys natural blood clotting mechanisms (circulating anticoagulant) determine the surgery type to be performed. Craniotomy, which is the treatment of choice for most sufferers where the skull is opened and as much of the tumor is removed as possible.

In contrast, the laser surgery option uses MRI scan to pinpoint the exact location of the tumor and the laser is used to destroy tumor masses. Radiation treatment is used in conjunction with surgery or alone when the brain cancer cannot be surgically removed. Survival using radiation increased ten fold for patients with malignant tumors and tends to pro long life in patients with any low-grade gliomas.

External-beam radiation is the most common form of radiation treatment used in the treatment of brain cancer delivering radiation from the outside of the body. Usually initiated following surgery to remove any addition cells not removed during surgery, this treatment option is used in conjunction with all others as a final precautionary measure to ensure the elimination of all possible cancerous cell formations.

Cancers can reoccur and proper follow-up care for patients who have undergone radiation or other treatments as there are some long-term side effects that may need constant monitoring for a while. For the brain cancer patient, neuropsychological test may also be a part of the final treatment stages to evaluate the possibility of diminished intellectual activity following brain cancer treatment.

Alternative Brain Cancer Treatment
Brain cancer is a disease which starts with just one cell but this grows and makes more copies of itself and grows as a tumor which is known as swelling. We are here to help you to need support the most. This brain cancer is of two types that is primary and secondary brain cancer.

Man is bounded with all the pollutions and he is getting addicted or captivated to many diseases. In the previous days the cancer was known as deadly disease and the people were trembling with the word itself. But now days as the science is getting advanced the healers are also in number to heal the disease without loss of life and suffer.

For more information: dr jack
The brain is one of the core parts of the body. It is an essential part of our body. It is here that all the parts of the body are controlled. This brain cancer cells are the smallest units which compose the brain. This is the cancer which can appear from any part of the cell in the brain. These cells are the abnormal growth of cells in the brain.

Brain cancer is of two that is primary brain cancer and the secondary brain cancer. The primary brain cancer is the cancer which originates in the brain and spreads to the parts of the brain. It is developed within the brain itself. The secondary brain cancer is the cancer which originates in other parts of the body such as lungs, pancreases, bone or others and spreads to the brain.

The symptoms of this brain cancer are headache, nausea or vomiting, difficulty of speaking or thinking words, disturbed in vision, smell, hearing or taste, weakness in the parts of body, loss of balance, drowsiness, irritability, or personality changes, convulsions like loss of consciousness or muscle spasm, weakness, difficulty walking, seizures, and others. So it is an urge need if you or your dear one is suffering with these symptoms then they have to get primary treatment and not allow to spread them.

The causes for this brain cancer are many. Some of them are having rare family diseases which makes risk for brain tumors, heavy exposure to the chemicals, disclosure to radiations are connected to this occur of brain cancers and others brain related diseases. The person is considered to be at higher risk if he is of young age and if it is at a higher dose in the disease.

Ya when we hear that we or our dear one is suffering with this disease we emotionally feel very difficult to cope with. The life completely changes. The people around us react differently but we should not feel alone and loose hopes of getting heal with it. If we have a hope of healing it then it there is no matter of what stage the cancer is. So it is believed that hope is the only great healing tool for the cancer survivors. Now as the science is advanced the people are realizing that they have many types of health cares that they can receive and get cured with the deadly chronic diseases.

The person when he is diagnosed with the brain cancer may not get the correct treatment for it. He searches for the suggestions and the runs to the various physicians prescribed by his dear ones. But the patient must be careful while choosing his physician at this stage. He must be careful and should choose the right physician for him so that he may not undergo the second attempt of treatment if the first treatment did not well respond to his disease. So he should be precise in taking the right decision for his treatment from the physician whom he has chosen. There are many kinds of treatment which are followed to cure the diseases. But we at our center heal your suffer with the natural dietary supplements that are made of the herbal products. These medications have been proved as the miraculous improvements in the healing of the diseases.

But it is true that patient becomes panic when he listens that he has been attacked with this deadly disease. In a medical research has shown that alternative medical care that makes feel right to them heal better than patients who take the allopathic medications.

Now a days people believe that the serious or the chronic diseases can be cured with the therapies which improve the immune system and restore the body systems. They have recognized that the therapies really work and stand sharp contrast to the debilitating and often the unsuccessful in the results of chemotherapy and radiation. Many patients are now seeking and coming forth to have these alternative or the complementary treatments for these kinds of diseases that are often considered as incurable by convention doctors. Many have got their health back with these types of therapies.

The effective alternative therapies are now available that offer patients a new hope for healing and restoring their health. Nutritional medicine, detoxification therapies, lifestyle changes and psychological healing are but a few of the choices available today. These powerful therapies aim to restore the natural wisdom of the body. This is the future of medicine which is becoming the choices for better health. The modern treatments consider or stress mainly on curing the symptom or killing the cancerous tumor with powerful treatments. They do not consider about the recurrence of the disease as they feel that the cancer causing cells are destroyed and there is no chance of getting the diseases again. But when the man suffers with this cancer he also has many other diseases with it. So, the cure of these diseases is also needed. The natural therapies not only cure the disease but also make the person to come out of the other related diseases.

Prostrate cancer is one of the most common cancers that attack men. A research showed that 1 in 4 men diagnosed of cancer in England suffer from prostrate cancer. Prostrate cancer is one of the most common solid cancers affecting men. For the ones who are new to the term solid cancer, let me tell you that solid cancer is referred to cancers that are caused in the solid organs; as for example, in the breasts, prostrates etc. The best part is that the success rate in the treatment of prostrate cancer is high and is still improving. In fact the rate of successfully treating prostate cancer is quite high as compared to that of other cancers. In England almost 71% of men diagnosed of prostrate cancer are still alive even 5 years after the diagnosis. This success in the treatment of prostrate cancer is also because of the fact that prostrate cancer develops quite slowly in the human body as compared to other cancers.

However, the treatment of prostrate cancer is not without side effects. The worst part is that the side effects of the treatment of prostrate cancer lead to occurrences of other diseases. Erectile dysfunction is one disease that is very common in the people who are recovering from prostrate cancer. Today an ED patient can buy levitra discreetly. Not only levitra, all the other ED drugs are also available online. Levitra is a tolerant drug as compared to its counterparts. However, it is no longer a secret that levitra is a prescribed drug and it is not surprising if you are prescribed against having the drug because levitra mechanism might not suit you. You can know more about the drug in a short time by a quick browse through the levitra FAQs. This is another benefit that you reap when you buy levitra online i.e. gather as much information about the medicine as needed.

Prostrate cancer patients may experience ED after treatment or may suffer lower urinary tract symptoms and high levels of psychological distress. These after effects of prostrate cancer treatments are irrespective of the method of treatment. It is not as if the patients are kept in the dark about the side effects of prostrate cancer treatments. They are made to see all the possible aftermaths of the treatment that is selected for them by the doctors depending on the age of the patients, the stage at which the cancer is in and other medical conditions of the patient.

Advanced Prostate Cancer Treatment
Prostrate cancer is the disease which is found in men. It is the disease which is occurred in the men who are over 50 of age. This cancer does not have any symptoms.

For more information :dr jack
The cancer which is found in the male reproductive system that is the prostrate gland which is in the size of a walnut that lies on the base of a bladder is called prostrate. The cancer which occurs in this part is called prostrate cancer. It occurs when the prostrate alter and start to multiply without control. As they grow without control they spread through the body mainly to the lymph and the bones. This cancer develops in such a way that it never have any symptoms by this the man does not get any therapy. Eventually the person dies of this or the other causes which he suffers from.

The cancer cells grow abnormally and the multiply into many small cancerous tumors which in turn makes the man to suffer with the deadly disease cancer which is left untreated. This cancerous cell will disperse widely to others parts of the body thorough blood stream and lymphatic system.

As already said this cancer does not show any symptom in its initial stage. It is found when the screening test is taken. These include frequent urination, increased urination at night, difficulty in starting, maintaining the stream of urine, blood in the urine, painful urination, painful ejaculation, weak or interrupted flow of urine, difficulty in having erection and others. If you find any of these symptoms then you have an urge need of meeting the doctor and knowing the condition of your health. And prostate cancer will be cure with herbs

Some of the reasons for the cause of this cancer are the age that is it occurs in the men who are at the age of 50 or above. The other causes are the family history that is if the any male in his family has suffered from this disease then it is the possibility of occurrence. It also depends on the race that is most African Americans are affected by this disease. The diet which is heavy and contains animal fat may have the higher risk for prostrate cancer. So there is a need of having fresh vegetables and fruits to decrease the risk of prostrate cancer. Being overweight is also on of the cause for getting risk of any of the cancers.

The treatment of this cancer is depends on many factors such as the case of the disease, the stage of it, the type, its location, the general health condition, the extent or advancer of this cancer. So it is we should not have any excuse in delaying if any of the above said symptoms are seen. We have to get tested as early as possible to lead a life with no pain and much gain of healthy health. We should also have healthy diet in our day to day life to keep ourselves away from these deadly diseases.

Obviously, the sooner prostate cancer is found and diagnosed, the better the chance of recovery. Success in prostate cancer treatment will depend on a number of factors including the progression of the disease upon discovery, where the cancer is located, the age and health of the patient, and how it reacts to treatment.

Treatments other than conventional western medicine are usually considered "alternative therapies." Some alternative therapies date back thousands of years. These medicines do not have any harm at all as they are natural treatments.

Cancer of the lip and oral cavity is a disease in which cancerous (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the lip or mouth. The oral cavity involves the facade two thirds of the tongue, the upper and lower gums (the gingiva), the lining of the inside of the cheeks and lips (the buccal mucosa), the bottom (floor) of the mouth under the tongue, the bony top of the mouth (the hard palate), and the small area behind the wisdom teeth (the retro molar trig one. Most lip and oral cavity cancers start in squamous cells, the thin, flat cells that line the lips and oral cavity. These are called squamous cell carcinomas.

Cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows. Squamous cell carcinoma usually grows in areas of leukoplakia. Cancer of the lip is more frequent in men than in women, and is more probable to grow in people with light-colored skin who have been in the sun a lot. Cancer of the oral cavity is more common in people who chew tobacco or smoke pipes. They are caused by environmental factors that can trigger cell damage which then leads to the development of cancerous tumors which can spread throughout the oral cavity and to other areas.

This type of cancer is extremely rare. In its early stages, this cancer is curable. If the cancer has multiply to other areas of the body exterior of the head or neck, the prognosis changes and becomes bleak. It is estimated that there will be more than 30,000 new cases of oral cavity cancer. The symptoms of oral cavity cancer include feeling as if something is caught in the throat, pain or difficulty in swallowing or chewing, swelling of the jaw, A white or red patch on the gums, tongue, or lining of the mouth and pain in the ear. Another sign of a cancer of the mouth or gums is when dentures no longer fit well.

There are several treatments for patients with lip and oral cavity cancer. Surgery is a common treatment of cancer of the lip and oral cavity. The vet can remove the cancer and part of the healthy tissue located around the tumor. Surgery can also extract the neck lymph nodes (lymph nodes dissection. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Hyperthermia is a new treatment being tested in certain patients. It uses a special machine to heat the body for a certain period of time to kill cancer cells.

Oral Cancer - Causes, Symptoms and Treatments
Oral cancer is generally described as cancer of head and neck. It can affect any part of the mouth like tongue, cheeks, lips, hard palate, soft palate, floor of the tongue, internal lining of the cheeks, gums, lymph nodes etc. the most common form of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma which affects the flat skin like lining of the mouth. 90% mouth cancer patients have been detected with this form of mouth cancer.

There are other types of oral cancers affecting different areas of the mouth like the salivary gland cancer affecting the saliva producing gland, lymphoma which is caused in lymph around the tonsils and base of tongue and melanoma affecting the skin pigmentation cells around the mouth and lips.

Few major causes of oral tumor are smoking (cigarettes, pipe, hand rolled cigarettes like bidis or the one containing canabis) , alcohol, chewing of tobacco, beetlenut, gutka or pan, UV rays from sun which affects lips or pale skin and at times previous cancer which might reoccur. Other probable causes are poor dietary habits lacking essentially zinc, vitamin A, C, E, selenium .infection from HPV (human papilloma virus) which generally infects vulva, vagina and cervix.

SymptomThe few visible symptoms are: white or red patch on the lips, inside of the mouth or around mouth which has been there for long , loose teeth, bleeding from mouth, soreness of lips and tongue, swelling in mouth, swelling in throat, ulcer of mouth and lips, a lump or thickening of lips mouth or tongue.

Treatment:
After mouth cancer has been established using X- Rays, MRI scan, endoscopy, CT scan and biopsy confirms the multiplicity of cells then the medical practitioner suggests treatment based on the physical stat and age of the patient, extent of infection and location of infection. Radiotherapy is commonly used method where radiation is used to destroy the cancerous cell in the affected area. At times surgery is performed to insert radioactive pellets in or around the tumor which gradually destroys the infected cells.

Chemotherapy is another treatment used for destroying cancerous cells. Anti cancerous drugs are used to shrink the tumor and later on surgery is performed to remove the infection. Time period of treatment and the strength of the medicine are dependent on the extent of infection.

Oral cancer is very common and can be avoided by taking care of ones lifestyle. Excessive intake of alcohol and cigarettes etc should be avoided. Chewing of tobacco should be strictly avoided and nutritious food should be incorporated in daily diet.

Bone cancer is a sarcoma that arises in the bone. The most familiar type of bone cancer is osteosarcoma, which develops in original tissue in augmenting bones. Another type of bone cancer, chondrosarcoma, arises in cartilage. Bone cancer impress over 2,000 people in the United States each year. It is found most often in the bones of the arms and legs, but it can occur in any bone. Bone tumors occur most commonly in children and adolescents and are less common in older adults. Cancer including the bone in older adults is most usually the result of metastatic spread from another tumor.

There are various different types of bone cancer. The most common tumours of bone involve the osteosarcoma, the sarcome ewing , the chondrosarcoma, the malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the fibrosarcoma, and the chordoma. Osteosarcoma occur most frequently in children, young , ages 10 to 20. Chondrosarcoma is more familiar in adults over 50. It most often influences the hipbones and the long bones in the thigh and upper arm. Chondrosarcoma is create mainly in adults. Chondrosarcoma tumor forms in cartilage, the rubbery tissue around joints.

The most familiar symptom of bone cancer is pain and extra symptoms are swelling, or tenderness of a bone. Treatment of bone cancer rely on the type of bone cancer, as best as its location, size and stage. Surgery is often the first treatment for bone cancer. Cryosurgery is sometimes used in addition to surgery in some patients with bone cancer. The aim of surgery is usually to remove the entire tumor and a surrounding area of normal bone. Other treatments may involveamputation, chemotherapy and radiation.

Radiation therapy is utilized to prevent local recurrences of radiosensitive tumors. In patients with cancer that has spread to the bones, radiation therapy may also be used to alleviate symptoms, including pain. Chemotherapy is generally given after surgery to remove cancer cells that stay in the body after the main tumor is removed surgically. Biphosphonates are drugs that can be utilized to descrease bone pain and slow down bone injury in people who have cancer that has spread to their bones.

Bone Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis
Bone cancer is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all new tumors. Not all bone tumors are fatal in fact benign (non cancerous) abnormalities are more common than malignant ones. Most bone cancers are secondary and have been spread from another site. Primary bone cancer which starts in the bone is quite rare constituting less than one per cent of all malignant tumors. The most common type of primary bone cancer is osteosarcoma. This type of carcinoma usually affects young adults. It can affect any bone, but the arms, legs and pelvis are more commonly affected. Other less common forms of primary bone cancer include Ewing sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and chondrosarcoma.

Primary Bone Cancer
The causes of primary bone tumours are not known; however, adults who have Pagets disease (a bone disease) may have an increased risk.

Secondary bone cancer
Secondary bone cancer is the most common bone cancer. The most common cancers that spread to the bone originate in the breast, prostate, lung, kidney and thyroid.

Reticulum cell sarcoma of the bone
A cancerous tumor of the bone marrow presenting in more males than females.

Leukaemia
Cancer of the blood, which starts in the bone marrow

Symptoms of bore cancer
Symptoms tend to develop slowly and depend on the type, location, and size of the tumor. The signs and symptoms of bone cancer include: painful bones and joints, swelling of bones and joints, problems with movement, susceptibility to fractures. Less common symptoms include: unexplained weight loss, tiredness, fever and sweating.

Causes
Although bone cancer does not have a clearly defined cause, researchers have identified several factors that increase the likelihood of developing these tumors. A small number of bone cancers are due to heredity.

Diagnosis
Bone cancer can present itself in any of the bones of the body, but it is diagnosed most often in the long bones of the arms and legs. Diagnosing bone cancer involves a number of tests, including: X-rays and bone scans to show the exact location and size of the cancer (these are always done prior to biopsy), bone biopsy where a small sample of the cancer is removed from the bone and examined in the laboratory for the presence of malignant cells, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan similar to a CT scan but uses magnetism instead of x-rays to build three-dimensional pictures of your body.

Treatment
The treatment and prognosis of bone cancer depend upon multiple factors including the type and extent of the cancer, the patient's age and overall health status. Tumors may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.

Primary bone cancers:
The tumor, surrounding bone tissue and nearby lymph nodes are surgically removed. Treatment may also include radiotherapy (x-rays to target and kill the cancer cells) and chemotherapy (anti-cancer drugs). These may be given before surgery, to shrink the cancer and/or afterwards to destroy any remaining cancer cells.

Secondary bone cancer:
Treatment depends on the treatment for the original tumor, but usually includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormone therapy. Surgery may be needed to strengthen the affected bone.

Prognosis
Overall, the chance of recovery (prognosis) for bone cancers has improved significantly since the development of modern chemotherapy. The chance of recovery will depend on a variety of influences; if the cancer has spread, the type of bone cancer, the size of the tumour, location, the person's general health and other individual factors.

If the tumor is very small and localized, the five-year survival rate is close to 90 percent. If the cancer has begun to spread, however, survival becomes more difficult. The five-year survival rate is only about 60 percent, and the prognosis is poor once the cancer spreads.

Bone cancer in cats and dogs
Bone carcinoma in dogs and cats can be a challenging disorder. Osteosarcoma is by far the most common bone tumour if dogs, usually striking the leg bones of larger breeds. Chemotherapy significantly prolongs the survival of animals with osteosarcoma when used in conjunction with surgery. For dogs Cisplatin alone or in combination with doxorubicin markedly improves survival time to a median of 8-10 months with the percentage of dogs alive after11 months at 50%.

Feline Osteosarcoma unlike its canine counterpart it has a much lower rate of metastasis and longer term survival can be expected with complete excision. Median survival for cats with osteosarcoma is approximately 2 years with many cats outreaching that.

In my clinic, American Diseases of the Prostate, as in any clinic that sees a large number of prostate cancer patients, I've encountered prostate cancers that deviate from the well-established behavior of the common adenocarcinoma. One of those unusual forms of prostate cancer is neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Neuroendocrine cells are found in the normal prostate gland, where they have been shown to produce a range of hormones including serotonin, bombesin, and calcitonin. However, we do not know the role these neuroendocrine cells play in normal prostate biology. In the standard adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland, neuroendocrine cells are nearly always found scattered throughout the cancer mass. In the test tube, even though the neuroendocrine cells do not grow, the hormones produced by these cells are capable of fueling the growth of the adenocarcinoma cells. One report claimed that in the prostate cancer specimens obtained at surgery, the prostate cancer cells near the neuroendocrine cells were growing more rapidly than those distant from these cells. This suggests that the neuroendocrine cells might fuel prostate cancer progression. In fact, the larger the proportion of the cancer mass composed of neuroendocrine cells at diagnosis, the more likely the patient would do poorly over time.

For example, if you add chromogranin A to prostate cancer in tissue culture, it triggers the formation of proteins that improve the cancer cell's resistance to treatment. In prostate cancer research, there are certain classic studies that define issues with great clarity. In 1991, Kadmon, et al. showed that an elevated chromogranin A level made evolution of hormone resistance more likely. Furthermore, once hormonal therapy started, chromogranin A levels initially increased in many patients, but would later decline back to normal. When chromogranin A levels stayed elevated or when it started to increase late in hormonal therapy, hormone resistance was very likely to follow. This observation has been repeatedly confirmed.

Up to this point, we have been discussing the impact of neuroendocrine cells that are not themselves capable of growth and where the impact appears to be thought an effect on the prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. In small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland we have neuroendocrine cells that are able to rapidly grow and spread. Again, these cells make very little or no PSA and make little or no androgen receptor. While they can make chromogranin A and other neuroendocrine markers, in many cases they make no detectable markers.

Prostate Cancer Research and Treatment
As the most common cancer in men in the United States, prostate cancer affects thousands of men. Prostate cancer research aims to raise money and awareness to contribute towards improving treatment and finding a cure or cures for this disease.

Prostate cancer is extremely rare in men under 45, it commonly affects men in their 50's and is most often diagnosed in men in their 70's.

As yet there are no cures for prostate cancer, so research looks into this, as well as improving the conditions for men currently suffering from prostate cancer. Research also looks at how to improve the current treatments and how to prevent the cancer from reoccurring after treatment.

The prostrate gland is located between the bladder and rectum and is part of the male reproductive system. The prostate gland is used in the production and storage of seminal fluid.

The current treatments for prostate cancer depend on if the cancer has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body, especially to the bones or lymph nodes, or not. If the cancer is still contained within the prostate then radiation therapy can be undertaken to kill the cancer cells with x-rays.

A radical prostatectomy can also be performed. This is surgery to remove the entire prostate gland. If the surgery is successful and the cancer is all removed then the likelihood of a recurrence is low. Recurrence of the cancer is slightly higher if radiation therapy is undertaken.

If the cancer has spread outside of the prostate gland then radiation therapy and radical prostatectomy are no longer treatment options. Hormone therapy can be undertaken to limit the growth of the hormone. Research has shown that prostate cancer growth is linked to male hormones called androgens.

Androgens, such as testosterone, are produced in the testicles and these hormones can cause the tumor to grow very quickly which increases the risk of the cells spreading. Therefore by limiting the amount of male hormones, you can slow the growth of the tumor. This can be done by medication, although sometimes the testicles are removed to assist the hormone treatment.

The other treatment option is called 'watchful waiting' or 'active surveillance'.
It is hoped that with continued prostate cancer research that treatments will exist and more options will become available, especially to reduce the incidence of reoccurrence after treatment. The eventual aim of prostate cancer research is to find a cure for this deadly disease.

Just as women are susceptible to breast cancer, men are at a high risk for developing prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is most common in men over the age of 50, however it is important to note that any man, no matter the age can suffer from prostate cancer. This is the reason why it is extremely important for all men to have the proper screening when it comes to prostate cancer.

If you or a family member has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, you may wonder whether or not there is a real prostate cancer cure. A prostate cancer cure depends on the severity of the cancer and how quickly it is discovered. Many men have real success with a prostate cancer cure when they are young, relatively healthy and begin their treatment as soon as the cancer begins. It is much hard to find an adequate prostate cancer cure when it is caught at a very late stage. Here are some things you should know when you think about prostate cancer cure.

?Treatment: There are many treatment options available for prostate cancer. No two men are alike and no two men respond the same way when it comes to a prostate cancer cure. Some men may respond well to chemotherapy and others do well with hormone therapy.

?Early detection: The best way to find the proper prostate cancer cure for you is to make sure that the cancer is detected in its early stages. Most doctors recommend regular screening if you are at high risk for developing prostate cancer. Men over 50 and African American men are at the highest risk for developing prostate cancer. Also, if you have a family history of prostate cancer, then you should also get regular screening. Screening for prostate cancer involves your doctor examining your prostate gland. He or she is looking for abnormal cell growths and tumors. If something abnormal is found, your doctor will recommend a prostate cancer treatment that is right for you.

It is important to remember that any prostate cancer cure will depend on your individual case. Your doctor will help you find a treatment that is right for you.

The causes of prostate cancer has not bee fully traced by medical experts, however risk factors had been identified that might make men predisposed to the disease. One of the identified risk factors of prostate cancer is age. Genetic is also one major risk factor of the disease. The susceptibility to the disease is higher in men whose brother or father is suffering from the disease. Another identified risk factor of prostate cancer is diet.

Prostate Cancer: What Every Man Needs to Know
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancers in men. Prostate cancer is often found in elder men and the risk of prostate cancer increases with age. In prostate cancer, cancerous cells are primary formed in the prostate that then gets transferred to other cells through the process of metastasis. Prostate cancer spreads to other parts of your body like bones.

Causes of Prostate Cancer:
Scientists still do not know the exact cause behind prostate cancer. No one knows why some people suffer with prostate cancer while others do not. Clinical researchers and scientists are working hard to find the answer of this basic question.

Prostate Cancer Symptoms:
There are no definite prostate cancer symptoms that can be easily noticed by the patients. Prostate cancer does not show any cancer symptom or sign at the initial stage. However, few prostate cancer symptoms have been identified by the National Cancer Institute .

These specific prostate cancer symptoms are given below:
1) Frequent urination.
2) An interrupted or weak urine flow.
3) Trouble while urination.
4) Sensation of pain while ejaculation.
5) Inability to urinate.
6) Burning sensation or pain during urination.
7) Stiffness or frequent pain in the upper thighs, lower back or hips.

These symptoms are however, not specific for prostate cancer. Therefore if you experience any of these symptoms, don't panic- just consult a doctor. Prostate cancer treatment: Treatment of prostate cancer depends upon factors such as the location of the tumor, general health condition of the patient, age of the patient and size of the tumor. Prostate cancer can be treated with help of following treatment methods.

1) Surgical castration by orchidectomy: the cheapest and simplest prostate cancer treatment is orchidectomy.

2) Prostate cancer can be treated with the help of oestrogen hormone and LHRH-analogues. This prostate cancer treatment is very expensive. Oestrogen can be taken orally but oestrogen prostate cancer treatment can give rise to thrombotic complications.

3) Hormone therapy can also be used as prostate cancer cure.

4) The chemical found in black pepper, which causes the tongue to burn, sweat to pout out and eyes to water commonly called as capsaicin is thought to be helpful in prostate cancer cure. US researchers have found that capsaicin can cause human cancer cells to kill themselves. This study is guiding to the way for a new prostate cancer cure.

5) Radiotherapy can also be used for prostate cancer cure. Radiotherapy just destroys cancer cells by radiation. The method is absolutely painless. But treatment of prostate cancer with the help of radiotherapy can cause some side effects like impotence and diarrhea.

6) Brachytherapy can also be applied to cure prostate cancer. Here radioactive elements inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells.

Industrialization crept in fast and furious in the 1700s and after that for about 100 years the mineral asbestos was considered to be a miracle which could be used everywhere effectively and relatively cheaply. It became a must-have in all buildings as insulation and came to be used in all products that could be manufactured. But the late 1800s saw asbestos causing lung cancer in many who were exposed to it. But like the fate of most unpalatable reports this one too was ignored till such time as the condition started getting out of control and finally around 1931 the British government took note of the fact that people exposed to asbestos were at a great risk for lung cancer and this was followed by the United States in the early 1970s. Exposure to asbestos has resulted in the development of pleural plaques, asbestosis, lung scarring, lung cancer and a particularly nasty strain called mesothelioma. This strain is exclusive to asbestos and deals with the lining around the lungs called the pleura. It can strike a person even after a short exposure 10 or 20 years ago. If the person is a smoker, then the risk goes up 10 fold or more as compared to a non smoker who has maybe a risk 5 times greater than someone who is not exposed to asbestos.

Diagnosis of lung cancers due to exposure to asbestos is carried out through a combination of processes like the medical history, x-rays, MRIs, CAT tissue samples, scans and biopsies. Those with regular exposure must get themselves checked regularly to catch the problem in time as the incubation period is as long as 50 years. Early diagnosis plays its part here too as with all other cancers. Patients diagnosed with mesothelioma have a bad statistic report going as the survival rate is far from satisfactory. Some are even given as little as 8 to 10 weeks, but those who use a multi treatment approach have shown a 40% survival rate for 5 years at least which is as good as that of other cancers. The most responsive treatment for mesothelioma has come to light as being a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy but if the detection happens at a late stage, surgery may not be an option that is open anymore.

But the world of medical research does not sleep and there are advancements being made in the field of chemotherapy even as we speak. February of 2004 saw the first medicine approved by the FDA called Alimta produced by Eli Lilly. It was seen in the clinical trials that Alimta in combination with another drug called Cisplatin did a lot to better the life expectancy of the afflicted people. For those who know that death is imminent a hope that their life can be extended by even a few months works wonders and allows them the freedom to hope for a cure.

Lung Cancer - Facts, Prevention And Treatment
Many smokers tend to quit at least once if not twice in their lifetime. Yet, they may not utilize several techniques to help them completely quit thus getting stuck in a cycle of not being able to stop. What kind of help is there?

- Nicotine gum
- Nicotine inhalers
- Nicotine sprays; among many more

Smokers already know how to lessen their chances of getting lung cancer. Yet, non smokers are still at risk of getting lung cancer by being exposed to passive smoking. Non smokers may be exposed to radon gas and not even know it. For that reason, radon gas test kits are important in identifying the levels of gas inside their home. Radon gas is capable of causing lung cancer to appear in non smokers with limited history of passive smoking.

DoctorsThese scans may be able to detect smaller cancers that are usually cured by surgical means thus preventing the spread of an incurable cancer.

The Facts behind Lung Cancer
Of all cancers, including breast cancer in women, diagnosed in the United States and around the globe, this disease is the primary killer in men and in women. Despite the existence of passive smoking, cigarette smoking, not including cigar smoking, is a main favor behind lung cancer growth. When a non smoker is exposed to tobacco smoke, there is an increased risk lung cancer due to the passive smoke.

There are actually two forms of lung cancer. The first is small cell lung cancers or SCLC. Survival rate increases through this treatment methods. The second is non small cell lung cancer or NSCLC. Cancers of this form usually will need to be surgically removed to be an effective treatment method. A small number of patients with SCLS can be helped by radition therapy. However, if the disease is in its advanced stages, there is a small chance of survival through chemotherapy treatment.

How extensive the disease, the size of the tumor, what sort of symptoms the patient has and the kind of lung cancer will determine at what stage the lung cancer is classified by doctors. Physicians will use x-rays, MRI scans, CT scan and bone scans to also determine the stage of the lung cancer.

Lung cancer treatments can involve any number of options including chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. Treatments may also be combined to achieve success in beat the cancer. Some lung cancer patients may be invited to participate in experimental treatments.

Lung cancer survival, unlike other cancer types, has a low rate. Generally, survival rates are approximately 16 percent for five years. Quitting smoking is the most vital way that can reduce the chances of getting lung cancer.

Buried in the basin, the ovaries are difficult to examine. Thus, cancers affecting them are often discovered late. If improvements are to provide treatment, the prognosis remains closely linked to early care.

Ovarian cancer is the fifth largest female cancers in US, with 4 000 new cases per year. But his prognosis remains very bleak as it is often discovered at a late stage. Panorama from an unknown disease.

Ovarian cancer is relatively uncommon. All too often discovered at a late stage, this cancer is difficult to treat. As it is detected late, ovarian cancer has a fairly bleak prognosis. Each year, 3 800 american die from that cancer. The survival rate of ovarian cancer is just over 30% in 5 years, while for breast cancer, it is about 75%.

Few women are genetically predisposed to ovarian cancer. Genetic factors were responsible for 5 to 10% of cancers of the ovary. Between 160 and 320 women are suffering from a hereditary cancer of the ovary annually. Family mutations of certain genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 rarely, are known to predispose strongly to this cancer, with an earlier age (before age 50). Alteration of these genes is also responsible for predisposition to breast cancer.

Without benefitiating from screening test, ovarian cancer has long been nicknamed the silent killer because symptoms are supposed to appear at an advanced stage of the disease. Early detection is an incredible challenge: 70 to 90% of women with ovarian cancer detected at a primary stage are still alive five years after diagnosis against only 20 to 30% of those whose cancer was diagnosed at an advanced stage. And unfortunately, the second scenario is more often met ... Some figures show awareness of this scourge, female: 4 488 new cases and 3 508 deaths directly linked to the disease in the year 2006.

Characteristic symptoms: Beware of the trio!
Researchers have followed 1 408 women who were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire about symptoms experienced with the previous year. Among the proposed events can include pelvic pain, abdominal, low back pain, the urge to urinate, constipation, weight loss, unexplained, and so on. The severity, duration and frequency of these signs were also informed. The same procedure was conducted on 128 women awaiting surgery for pelvic tumors, including ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is no longer the silent undetectable killer . Even women with cancer at preliminary stages have signs. The diagnosis of ovarian cancer is based on clinical examination, gynecological and a determination of tumor marker, supplemented by medical imaging examinations, including pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. But only the surgical exploration allows a complete diagnosis of the local extension of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian Cancer: 7 Early Warning Signs
Ovarian cancer is often called "The Silent Killer" because the symptoms
are so nonspecific and are often blamed on something else. Thus it is possible to have been experiencing early warning signs of this disease for years and not realize anything is seriously wrong. This is very understandable, as the symptoms, if they are seen at all, most often seem benign at first. Cancer is a scary word and most people would prefer to just assume everything is fine and hope whatever is bothering them simply "goes away." However, consider that ovarian cancer statistics show that 70% to 80% of diagnoses are made in late stages when the prognosis is not so good.

To give yourself the best chance at long-term survival and even a complete cure, these are 7 of the symptoms to watch out for:
1. Persistent indigestion.
2. Bloating, feeling of fullness, tightness of clothes.
3. Painful intercourse, or dyspareunia.
4. Pelvic discomfort or pain.
5. Unexplained weight loss or weight gain.
6. Leg pain.
7. Change in character of menstrual periods.

Clearly, some or even most of these symptoms are common enough and could be problematic for women on occasion and most of the time it really is just overindulgence at the local Mexican eatery, too much Turkey dinner, that time of the month, or a strained leg muscle. However, if you experience any of these symptoms consistently on a regular basis it is possible they could be early warning signs of ovarian cancer so have your doctor check you out for peace of mind. Remember, your best chance is an early diagnosis.

Colon cancer is thought to be the second most common of all cancer types. It usually affects men, but women can develop colon cancer as well. If detected in its primary stages, colon cancer can be cured very easy.

The most common and best way to treat a case of colon cancer is through surgery. A colon cancer that is about three to five centimeters long can be removed through surgical resection. The drainage sites of primary lymphatic must also be re sectioned. If your colon cancer is not too low, less than five centimeters from your anus, colostomy is used. This colon cancer procedure means that your colon is taken out through your abdominal walls. Surgery is very successful in almost all colon cancer cases. Moreover, if the colon cancer is found at the beginning stage, than cure rates through colon cancer surgery are that much grater. More than eighty percent of all colon cancer patients are cured after their first surgery. However, there are people who will develop colon cancer even after they have had surgery. The number of colon cancer patients that have a second operation is a lot smaller, because
recurrence of colon cancer is rare. Although, the number of people cured by surgery is very big, when it comes to the second colon cancer surgery, numbers are not so good. Only twenty percent of all colon cancer recurrence patients actually get cured after the second resection.

This therapy increases your chances of survival if suffering from colon cancer. However, this therapy is only used for people that are in one of these colon cancer stages: THM 3 colon cancer, or Duke' s B2 colon cancer or C colon cancer. This is standard therapy and it lasts almost one year after you have had surgery. Fluoroulacil and levamisol are used for these stages of colon cancer. If you suffer from TNM colon cancer, stage 4, therapy with radiation will also be used together with the standard therapy. This has now become standard for all colon cancer patients that have had surgery, because studies have shown that the survival rate in these patients opposed to those that only have surgery is much grater.

Adenocarcinoma Colon Cancer
One form of the colon cancer is Adenocarcinoma. This usually stems from the epithelium lining the large intestine. The function of the colon aka the large bowel is to absorb water from the stool and patients of adenocarcinoma colon cancer usually report excessively hard stool.

Although adenocarcinoma colon cancer is not uncommon, it is rarely found in young adults. The greater your age the higher the chances of your suffering from adenocarcinoma cancer and especially women aged over 50 years are supposed to be at the greatest risk from adenocarcinoma. Although adenocarcinoma colon is found all over the world, it is primarily found in places of low fiber diet which make America, Europe and Australia soft targets.

Adenocarcinoma colon cancer is usually found in people who have some heredity of adenomatous polyposis or even non-polyposis colorectal cancer especially if the family history is from first-degree relatives. Hereditary factors can be to an extent that adenocarcinoma colon may be found in persons as young as teenagers. Certain types of polyps have a potential for malignancy. People having a high fat yet low fiber diet especially with a high intake of red meat are the ones that are most likely to suffer from adenocarcinoma. Even obesity is a cause of adenocarcinoma colon.

Adenocarcinoma colon cancer is known to spread after invading the wall of the bowel. On crossing the muscular layer of the bowel's wall the tumor enters the lymphatic vessels and thereafter spreads to local as well as regional lymph nodes. In case a lot of the tumor has passed the bowel's wall then they float about the abdomen as small amounts of fluid and can seed the bowel's covering. Adenocarcinoma colon is known to produce small nodules within the abdomen to irritate tissues to cause the production of huge quantities of ascites. If adenocarcinoma colon is detected at a young stage then the prognosis can be really good as at early stages treatment via surgery is really easy and predictable. The treatment of choice for early adenocarcinoma colon cancer is surgery. For tumors that are still proceeding to reach the muscular layer within the bowel wall, this will be curative in more than 90% of cases. Colon cancer surgery is usually carried out to remove the primary tumor for all cancers except those that have spread to distant organs.

Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. The vast majority of primary lung cancers are carcinomas of the lung, derived from epithelial cells. Lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and the second most common in women,[1][2] is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually.

What causes lung cancer?

Smoking
The incidence of lung cancer is strongly correlated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers arising as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors refer to this risk in terms of pack-years of smoking history (the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked).

Lung cancer most commonly begins in the cells that line your lungs. Smoking causes the majority of lung cancers — both in smokers and in people exposed to secondhand smoke. But lung cancer also occurs in people who never smoked. In these cases, there may be no clear cause of lung cancer. Doctors have identified factors that may increase the risk.

Cancer that originates from lung cells is called a primary lung cancer. Primary lung cancer can start in the airways that branch off the trachea to supply the lungs (the bronchi) or in the small air sacs of the lung (the alveoli). Cancer may also spread (metastasize) to the lung from other parts of the body (most commonly from the breasts, colon, prostate, kidneys, thyroid gland, stomach, cervix, rectum, testes, bone, or skin).

Lung Cancer Symptoms
Lung cancer symptoms are commonly not experienced until the disease had advanced, sometimes delaying diagnosis. The symptoms of lung cancer also mimic the symptoms of other benign illnesses.

The most common lung cancer symptoms experienced are : Onset of wheezing
Recurrent pneumonia or bronchitis
Fever, rapid breathing rate, and abnormal breathing sounds heard through a stethoscope may be signs of pneumonia.

Lung Cancer Diagnosis
To help find the cause of symptoms, your doctor will evaluate your medical history, smoking history, exposure to environmental and occupational substances, and family history of cancer. Your doctor also will perform a physical exam and may recommend a chest X-ray and other tests. If lung cancer is suspected, sputum cytology — the microscopic examination of cells obtained from a deep-cough sample of mucus in the lungs — is a simple test that may be useful in detecting lung cancer. To confirm the presence of lung cancer, your doctor must examine tissue.

How can I prevent lung cancer?
The best way to prevent lung cancer is to quit smoking, or to never start in the first place. You should try and avoid being around people who are smoking; and also avoid pipes, cigars, and marijuana. Use a detector to make sure the radon levels are low.

Treatment Of Lung Cancer
Many factors must be taken into account to determine the best treatment for an individual diagnosed with lung cancer. The specific type of cell, the location of the lung tumor, the stage of the disease with possible metastasis (spread to other parts of the body), and the general health of the individual must be considered. Various treatment plans may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery.

Lung Cancer: Basic Facts
We all have heard of lung cancer but how many of us are well aware of its symptoms?
The lung cancer is one of the most perilous diseases that kill thousands of Americans every year and each year the number of cases are increasing. With the occurrences of lung cancer on the rise, it is essential that we learn about the basic factors leading to lung cancer and what should be the courses of action in case of lung cancer diagnosis. Here are the basic information regarding lung cancer that will help you to understand how and when it develops and how to steer clear of this killer disease.

Lung cancer is that condition of your lungs where an abnormal reproduction of cells takes place. Sometimes lumps of cancerous cells or the tumors invade the organs. Our lungs allow the oxygen from the air to pass into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to eliminate from the system. Now any kind of lung disease including lung cancer impairs this function of lungs to transfer oxygen into blood and remove carbon dioxide from it. The result is many kinds of disorders relating to breathing trouble and cough.

Do you know what the most dreadful part of the lung cancer is? One rarely comes to suspect that he or she is suffering from lung cancer until it is too late and goes beyond any kind of treatment. This is because, signs and symptoms associated with lung cancer are never acute or alarming until the later stages of malignancy and it is often at this stage when someone starts to experience the typical symptoms of lung cancer. So it is recommended that if you ever experience any symptom even remotely related to lung cancer, rush to the doctor without delay so that in case of diagnosis of lung cancer you can avail the treatments as early as possible.

So what are the common symptoms of lung cancer? Nagging cough that seems never to end coupled with constant chest pain may be the warning of something being grossly wrong with your lungs. The person displaying certain apathy for food followed by a remarkable weight loss may be an indication of lung cancer and the patients of lung cancer often complain of fatigue. However, swelling of neck and face is also one of the symptoms of lung cancer.

Remember lung cancer can be prevented if you give up smoking. So stay away from the cigars, cigarettes, pipes and other tobacco products. Also insist that the smokers should always smoke inside the smoking zone; do not allow the second hand smokes damage your lungs.

Until 200 years ago what is now labeled 'alternative treatment' was based on the words of Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine". Hippocrates is famously quoted as saying "Let food be your medicine." It is a compelling quote which encapsulates the very simple, very common sense idea that the most efficient healer we know, or will ever know, is a correctly functioning natural immune system. In modern cancer research this common sense approach is not only ignored it is actively forbidden by the AMA for doctors to prescribe alternative medications to fight cancer. Doctors are allowed to prescribe natural remedies to treat the side-effects of the drugs which are used to fight cancer, but not allowed to treat cancer itself with anything other than the prescribed, orthodox treatment.

The purpose of this article is not to examine the state of affairs which sees natural substances shunned in favor of expensive, and often harmful medications, but to examine what you can expect to happen and receive should you elect an alternative treatment course to deal with cancer.

One of the biggest problems with discussing alternative cancer treatments is that it covers a huge amount of ground. Anything which is outside the mainstream practice(which will usually include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation treatment) is, by definition, 'alternative'. As such the 'alternative' label is often attacked broadly based on the ineffectuality or indeed harmfulness of specific treatments. For instance treating cancer by putting leeches on the skin to draw blood is not a mainstream medical response to cancer so it would be labeled as 'alternative' even though most alternative treatment providers would be horrified with the concept. Attacking unorthodox treatments broadly for the practices of a few extreme treatment providers is clearly not a rational response, yet it is exactly the line which has successfully kept alternative cancer treatment on the sideline for so long.

For the purpose of this article we will discuss the type of healthcare that Hippocrates was a strong supporter of and apply to it the broad label 'alternative'. This form of alternative treatment works on a few basic fundamental ideas.

The first is the concept that the most efficient entity at healing a body is itself. The body will respond to a foreign organism long before medical tests discover it, and in fact this is usually how the problem is first bought to the attention of doctors. Diseases do not have 'tiredness' causing properties, this is the bodies natural response to an invasion - it attempts to enter a restive state where it can more effectively fight the invader.

A primary focus of alternative cancer treatment then is not the direct battle against the cancer and the tumor itself, but a strengthening of the bodies defenses and natural ability to fight disease. This is done via strengthening the immune system. Vitamin C is known to have strong immunity building properties and was shown by Linus Pauling (Two time Nobel prize winner) to be an effective cancer treatment by itself. In fact it was over thirty years ago that Pauling and his research partner Ewan Cameron MD showed that just 10 grams of Vitamin C taken intravenously each day would extend a cancer patient's life 6 times longer than chemotherapy treatment. It is also worth noting that while Vitamin C builds up the immune system, chemotherapy breaks it down, which means that where chemotherapy is used it becomes the only defense the body has against cancer - the only way of continuing to fight the cancer is to continue chemotherapy. The clear conclusion is that Vitamin C is a more efficient treatment than Chemotherapy and has none of the debilitating side effects.

Alternative treatment providers have been able to use this type of research as a base for formulating a case by case plan to restore the bodies balance and fight cancer. The type of cancer it self is considered, the location of the cancer and the size of the tumor will all effect how the treatment is administered. The patients only physical state must be considered two and this will usually involve a detailed look at their body, diet and lifestyle. Everybodies DNA is different and some people are more likely to respond positively to some treatments.

This critical fact is often what is left out of a full assessment of alternative cancer treatments. Imagine an auto repair shop. If you said to your mechanic that your car isn't working he will not simply change the oil and give you your keys back. That may well work for some cars, but it will most definitely not work for them all. Only then is any attempt made to 'cure' the car. Now compare that approach to the approach of orthodox medicine that will change the oil and water, give you a new set of tires and tune the engine. In most cases an alternative treatment is going to require some type of detoxification process. In modern society we are exposed to more harmful substances and processed foods that at any previous point in history. These toxins can dwell in our system for a long time and are often part of the cause of a disease. At the very least the body is wasting resources fighting them that could be assisting in it's fight against cancer. The detoxification is an ongoing process, particularly if the other treatments are effectively killing cancer cells. The death of a cancer cell actually introduces more toxins to the system and in large doses these can be extremely harmful and even fatal. This is why all cancer treatments are undertaken gradually - because a treatment that killed all cancer cells immediately would release a massive toxic load into the system and put it in even more danger.

Alternative Cancer Treatment also puts a huge amount of emphasis on a patients diet. Conventional medicine ignores this and most orthodox cancer treatment will result in a serious loss of weight. Forty Percent of cancer patients die not from cancer but from malnutrition so it is vital to ensure that a healthy and regular diet is followed. The correct balance in the body is also going to mean less nausea and other symptoms associated with cancer treatments.

This article has touched on what you can expect in an alternative health treatment for cancer, but it must be stressed that it only touches the surface of the options available. There are over 300 treatments that have been shown to be effective in the treatment of cancer but are not part of mainstream medicines response. The important thing is not knowing how many options there are out there but knowing which options, and combinations of options are going to work in any individual case. Alternative Cancer Treatment takes a holistic approach to the treatment of cancer and seeks to assist the sufferer not just in overcoming their cancer but also in enjoying their life and living well while they do. A cancer survivor who beats cancer using alternative medicine will not just be alive, but they will be alive and healthy. This increased quality of life, both throughout the treatment and after it, is an essential element in what makes alternative cancer therapy such an attractive option to those with the good fortune to explore it.

Britain Claiming Major Breakthrough In Prostate Cancer Treatment
In July, 2008, British researchers claimed to have won a major victory for prostate cancer treatment. According to recently release reports, a new drug, abiraterone, may be used to treat as many as 80% of patients suffering from advanced forms of prostate cancer.

Researchers worldwide involved in the treatment of prostate cancer are cautiously optimistic, and welcoming what may arguably be the best news in prostate cancer treatment research in the past 15 years. It is thought that larger clinical studies now need to be conducted to determine important side effects of the new drug's use, as well as the level of its benefits versus the possible drawbacks of the drug treatment.

Abiraterone is a drug manufactured by Cougar Biotechnology Incorporated, and currently being investigated for use in treatment of prostate cancer. It works to block the production of testosterone, which enhances the growth and development of prostate cancer, by inhibiting an enzyme involved in the formation of testosterone.

In drug trials of abiraterone, it appears that the drug may reduce the levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), as well as shrink prostate cancer tumors. In the trials of the new drug conducted at the Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden Hospital in Britain, the symptoms of prostate cancer occurring in patients with advanced stages and/or with untreatable forms of the disease have shown significant regression. The news offers hope for thousands of men who contract prostate cancer worldwide each year.

Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed in men in the later life stages.
By the time men reach the ages of 40 (higher risk) or 50, it is recommended that they receive annual prostate checkups. Annual checkups should include both physical exams as well as blood tests, to effectively screen for the disease.

The American Cancer Society estimates 186,320 new cases, and 28,660 deaths will result from prostate cancer in the US in 2008. The Society further states that prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the nation.

One in six men will get prostate cancer in his lifetime, while one in thirty-five men will die from the disease. Death from prostate cancer is currently on the decline, a fact thought to be due to advances in prostate cancer treatment and early detection.

It is of prime importance that the obstetrician's take a thorough breast examination of pregnant women to detect breast cancer. Often, the diagnosis is delayed because doctors and pregnant women assume that lumps in the breast are due to normal hormonal changes.

The threat of breast cancer is upsetting for anyone, particularly during pregnancy, but it is not uncommon. Pregnant women and physicians should become more aware of the risk associated with cancer. The obstetricians are usually more focused on the health of the unborn baby than the mother's possible illness but should be more aware of the risk of breast cancer. Women should examine their breasts regularly and tell their doctor about any changes they discover.

Not only is diagnosis often delayed, but there is a high rate of false-negative results of a mammography due to the increased density of the breast during pregnancy. Ultrasonogaphy is the best way to check for cancerous lumps in pregnant and lactating women. Pregnant women should be encouraged to know that treatment is as successful and safe as in non-pregnant women. Surgery is the best route although there is a small risk of premature labor. Radiation therapy is not offered during pregnancy but patients can be safely treated with certain forms of chemotherapy from three months onwards. This may be continued after the baby is born, although mothers should not breast feed their babies while they are having chemotherapy.
Treatments are planned around the expected delivery date and are administered as close to term as possible, Through the process, oncologists communicate regularly with a woman's obstetrician. A substantially greater number of pregnant women have been treated now than ever before, providing a growing confidence in the safety and positive outcome of chemotherapy for pregnant breast cancer patients Carter and baby Emma are perfect examples. Weighing 5 pounds, 14 ounces, Emma entered the world with a "full head of hair," laughs Carter, who says she was "completely bald" when her "miracle child" was born.

Overall survival of pregnant women with breast cancer may be worse than in non pregnant women at all stages however, this may be due primarily to delayed diagnoses. Termination of pregnancy, however, may be considered, based on the age of the fetus, and if maternal treatment options, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are significantly limited by the continuation of the pregnancy.

Nutrition for Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is said to be one of the biggest killers of women around the world today. Statistics from the University of Maryland Medical Center explain that every year in the United States, about 185,000 women are diagnosed with some form of breast cancer. Along with these statistics, about 40,000 women die per year because of breast cancer related complications. In 99% of all cases of breast cancer, women are involved. of breast cancer, and what are the possible causes of the disease? Doctors often recommend their patients to performs routine breast self examinations (BSE) to be able to detect lumps or other abnormalities in their breasts. If a woman detects a change in the shape and firmness in her breast, or if there are skin problems in the breast area, she should see a doctor right away. Some of the causes of breast cancer are genetic, while some sources explain that hormonal levels in the body can cause the growth of the tumor. In other instances, women who have breast implants develop a form of breast cancer.

Currently, the treatments for breast cancer include chemotherapy with radiation therapy. There are several drugs that have been tested and recommended for chemotherapeutic use, and it has been observed that the administration of regular radiation sessions allow chemotherapy drugs to work better against breast cancer tumors. In some cases of breast cancer, a mastectomy or surgical removal of one or two breasts may be needed.

What is the nutrition for breast cancer that should be followed? Sources from the University of Maryland Medical Center suggest that antioxidant-rich foods should be added to the diet. These foods include blueberries, cherries, squash, and tomatoes, among many others. Vegetables like spinach, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage should be eaten more often. It is best to avoid foods with trans-fat, preservatives, and foods that contain substances that can cause allergies. For protein sources, it is best to avoid red meats, and opt for leaner protein sources including tofu, soy, and some types of fish like tuna, herring, salmon, and others.

Nutrition for breast cancer also involves supplementing the diet with B vitamins, calcium, vitamin C, pro-biotics, and others. Omega-3 fatty acids are also highly recommended, and these forms of fatty acids are found in many types of nuts as well as fish. The fish types that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids are herring, salmon, albacore tuna, mackerel, and sardines. Fish oil supplements come from the above mentioned species of fish, and are rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentenoic acid (EPA). As mentioned in a 2003 paper Indoor and Built Environment, DHA and EPA have already proven effective against tumor growth, and when added to the diet, makes a patient more receptive to the benefits of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Chemotherapy is treatment for cancer in which drugs are used to eradicate cancer. With chemotherapy, extended life span, better quality life can be achieved by shrinking or removing tumor. However, chemotherapy treatment is associated with some side effects.

Chemotherapy treatment is administered in cycles. Each cycle have rest period which allow patient to recover from side effect that are associated with treatment. No of cycles, duration, drugs, drugs amount given for the chemotherapy treatment is depends on type and stage of your cancer.

Also, the treatment plan has been developed and redefined in term of cycle, drug or doses to get maximum benefits. Such modification in your treatment plan is made only by your doctor. You should not miss any chemotherapy dose during treatment. Chemotherapy treatment is associated with some side effects as drugs used in the treatment also affect other healthy body cell along with cancerous cell. Side effects that are associated with chemotherapy treatment include hair follicles, nausea, sickness, vomiting, blood clotting, fatigue, diminished appetite, digestive tract and many more. Recovery period during treatment allows these healthy cells to recover and repair themselves.

Each time when you visit your doctor, make list of your question. Ask all questions that are in your mind related your cancer, chemotherapy treatment and its possible side effects. Note down the points on paper. If you don?t understand some point, ask your doctor to repeat it. When you visit your doctor, you should always accompany with your close friend or family member.

Chemotherapy drugs targets rapidly growing cancerous cell and damage them so that they can not grow or spread. Mostly chemotherapy treatment is applied at clinic or hospitals? out patient department. Sometimes chemotherapy treatment is also carried out at home or office. It depends on type of drug, your insurance, your and doctor?s wish. Mostly, it is carried out at hospital OPD so that treatment can be monitored easily.

Chemotherapy drugs are administered through vein, injection, orally or applied on skin. Mostly chemotherapy drugs are administered intravenously through a vein. It can also be administered through catheters, ports and pumps. Some chemotherapy drugs are in the form of pill, capsule or liquid form which can be taken orally. Another way of application of chemotherapy dug is through injection. In this method, drugs are administered using needle or syringe in different ways. Some drugs are applied directly on the surface of skin.

Some medicine or drugs other than chemotherapy drugs if taken during treatment may interfere with chemotherapy drug to affect effect of treatment. You should consult with doctor before taking any such type of medicine such as vitamins, laxatives and other pain relievers. Do not hesitate to ask your doctor about test result and your response to chemotherapy treatment.

Chemotherapy - is This the Real Answer to Cancer?
Before agreeing to a treatment, it is important to know what the treatment consist of. With this in mind, I have introduced below the main form of treatment used to treat cancer:
Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy was developed after scientists realised that the deadly Mustard gas used in the Second World War to kill people - Cyclophosphamide - could kill rapidly dividing cells such as those of cancer. Chemotherapy will kill all rapidly dividing cells (Our T and B cells responsible for our immune system would also be targeted as they divide rapidly).

Let's see what reputable scientists are saying about this drug:
* Late Dr Hardin Jones, professor at the University of California in Berkeley concluded in 1975 after analysing cancer survival statistics for several decades that "patients are as well, or better off, untreated".
* Dr Charles Moertel of the Mayo clinic in Baltimore said that the major chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) only produces an objective response in 15 to 20% of patients. Even then, improvements were only partial and temporary. This very poor result is offset by the toxicity of the drug and the disastrous emotional upsets caused by the side effects.
* A German epidemiologist Dr Ulrich Abel studied most of the published reports on chemotherapy and wrote to a further 350 cancer centres and experts and stated that "the success of most chemotherapy is appalling. There is no evidence for its ability to extend in any appreciable way the lives of patients suffering from the most common organic cancer". Often, patients who do not respond to chemotherapy survive longer than those who do".

Dr Abel also published details of survival rates for cancer patients treated with chemotherapy as follows:
* Bladder - No statistics available
* Breast - No evidence of an increase in life expectancy
* Cervical/Uterine - No evidence of an increase in life expectancy
* Colorectal - No increase in life expectancy
* Gastric cancer - No evidence of improvement
* Head & neck - No improvement in life expectancy (tumours may shrink)
* Ovarian - No evidence of an increase in life expectancy
* Pancreatic - More negative than patients who were not treated

Depending on which specific chemotherapy drug is used, side effects include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, potential damage to nerves and kidneys, hearing loss, seizures, bone marrow suppression, anaemia, blindness, irreversible loss of motor function, thrombosis, mucositis, heart problems, destruction of bile ducts, bone tissue death, restricted growth, infertility, lower white and red cell count, increased risk of leukaemia (specially for women who received chemotherapy and radiation for breast cancer), ovarian failure, early menopause, lactose malabsorption etc..

Chemotherapy also often destroys the patient's liver and kidneys with its harmful effects and negatively assaults their immune system. Mechlorethamine, one of the drugs used is so toxic that medical staff handling it are advised to use gloves and avoid inhaling it.

A reference for medical personnel handling chemotherapy advises:
The potential risks involved in handling cytotoxic agents have become a concern for health care workers.

The literature reports various symptoms
Many chemotherapy agents, the alkylating agents in particular, are known to be carcinogenic [cancer causing] in therapeutic doses.

Medical personnel handling these drugs are advised to wear double latex gloves, mask, goggles and protective gown. Amazingly, needles used for injecting the lethal drug is classified as "hazardous waste" ! Incredible when we are told that this drug will cure our Cancer.

The medical journal (Lancet 1998) stated that Irinotecan, a new chemotherapy drug only extends survival by about 3 months but with many side effects.

Chemotherapy is also useless at helping with metastases in the liver (Arch Med Res, 1998). It has however been shown to increase the life of patients suffering from ovarian cancers by a few years and that of lung cancer patients by a few months.

Treatment of Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy has also shown positive results. However, girls treated this way also have a 35% chance of developing breast cancer in later life. All children treated this way also are 18 times more likely to develop secondary tumours.

As Chemotherapy has been found to be (1) carcinogenic (2) immunosuppressant (3) toxic (4) futile, why is it then that doctors keep prescribing it?

Although most know that chemotherapy only has a very small chance of success, they feel that unless they prescribe something, the patient will go elsewhere and, in most cases (for allopathic medicine), be prescribed chemotherapy. In a survey of 79 cancer doctors conducted by McGill University in the United States, 58 doctors stated that they would not be part of trials on Chemotherapy drugs. Why? Because of the ineffectiveness of Chemotherapy and its toxicity.