Breast cancer awareness programmes are everywhere!

Whilst governments and professional institutions run the 'official' programmes, in any one country there may also be many 'non-official' initiatives that are run by private individuals and groups. In fact it seems that really anybody who wants to get involved can do so - whether they are qualified or not.

So what are the aims and objectives of these cancer awareness programmes? What is it that these programmes are actually trying to make us more aware of? Is it about the disease and it's treatment? Is it to make sure that women know that they should present to the doctor immediately they find any problem in their breast or are they simply trying to increase the number of women attending screening with Mammography - regardless of whether or not the motive for this might be purely financial?

Well in reality, the only time a woman really wants to learn about breast cancer is when they,or someone close to them, actually develops it. But at that moment in time they don't need awareness - they just need solutions.

When a woman or man gets the disease they only need 3 things:
   1. really good information about breast cancer and its treatment
   2. a place to get their treatment and
   3. a supporting network of people around them to share their cancer journey

One Middle Eastern country increased their attendance for breast screening from less than 20% to over 60% recently. How did they do this? It was quite simple actually; they told women that they would not have their national health card/entitlement renewed until they had their annual mammogram. But is it correct to essentially force women to have screening - even if it is in their best interests?

Actually that particular country, did have a breast cancer awareness programme before the change in the law so at the very least this tells us that their breast cancer awareness programme did not work. When it comes to screening uptake - i.e. the number of women attending for Mammography - then it is easy to measure the effectiveness of any awareness programme.

But if the objective of the programme is just general awareness and education, then it is fair to say that it would be very difficult, nigh on impossible probably, to accurately measure how successful any breast cancer awareness programme is.

But surely, isn't everyone aware of breast cancer and breast cancer screening? Are there really any places left in the world where women do not have sufficient awareness about this problem?

Well the answer may not be what you would expect. There are still, sadly, many countries where there are simply an insufficient number of hospitals and specialised staff to treat the existing cases that arise. Certain countries in the Middle East and Africa for example, have totally inadequate resources in terms of breast surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, hospitals and so on, who are 'breast specialised.'

So what does happen to the women who develop breast cancer in these poor and often very remote areas? Well, as hard as it may be to believe, the sad truth is that many of these cases simply go untreated. These poor women go home and die and no amount of awareness is going to change their situation.

Of the patients who do manage to get treatment, the treatment can be very poor - surgery but no adjuvant treatments (chemotherapy or radiotherapy), the wrong chemotherapy, surgery but no pathological examination or analysis of the specimen, which is simply thrown away; all these are real examples of the kind of things that go on in certain places.

In countries where there are no hospitals, no sanitation, no immunisation and not even enough food, is there even any need for breast cancer awareness - probably not? So are we saying that breast cancer awareness programmes are a feature of countries that have sufficiently developed cancer services, hospitals and specialists - in other words, wealthy countries?

If we are, then surely we are talking about countries where women have access to education, the Internet and formalised medical services - so do they really even awareness programmes? Surely they must already know that there is a disease called breast cancer and that if they get a problem then they should go and see a doctor? Aren't they already doing this? Is there ANY evidence at all that women in these countries actually need awareness programmes? Is there any evidence that without breast cancer awareness in these countries that women would not get treated?

The problem is that breast cancer awareness programmes cost money - potentially lots of it. So if they are not actually doing any good - should we not be spending this money where it is more needed? And if awareness initiatives ARE really efficient and do a good job of educating the public about breast cancer, then surely once the public IS educated - there is no further use for the programme that did the education in the first place?

So there remain some really important but unanswered questions about breast cancer awareness:
   1. How much do these programmes actually cost?
   2. Are these programmes effective?
   3. If awareness programmes are effective - then when will they have been seen to have done their job and be stopped?
   4. Is there any point in having an awareness programme in a country where there are inadequate medical services - could that money not be better spent elsewhere?
   5. What are the aims of the awareness programme? This needs to be clearly defined.

Ultimately, the best way to help yourself is to be proactive; learn about breast cancer, understand what treatments are available and know what to do if you find a lump. You can find this information here by following this link - http://www.breastcancerworldnews.com

Dr. Richard Reyes is a breast cancer surgeon and writes for Breast Cancer World News

By Richard J Reyes

When you breathe in, air passes from your nose or mouth through the windpipe (trachea), which divides into two tubes (airways), one going to each lung. These are known as the right and left bronchus and they divide to form smaller tubes called bronchioles, which carry air through the lungs. At the end of the bronchioles are millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen is absorbed from air breathed in and passes into the bloodstream to be circulated around the body.

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs situated inside the chest; they bring oxygen into the body and take out waste carbon dioxide. There is a strong link between smoking and lung cancer. There are two main categories of lung cancer; Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). World-wide over 1 million people are diagnosed with lung cancer each year.

Sometimes the instructions to a cell go haywire and that cell and its offspring reproduce wildly, without regard for the shape and function of a lung. That wild reproduction can form tumors that clog up the lung and make it stop functioning as it should. Because of the large size of the lungs, cancer may grow for many years, undetected, without causing suspicion. Lung cancer can spread outside the lungs without causing any symptoms. Adding to the confusion, the most common symptom of lung cancer, a persistent cough, can often be mistaken for a cold or bronchitis.

The main types of lung cancer are small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. This distinction is important because the treatment varies; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is sometimes treated with surgery, while small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiation. The most common cause of lung cancer is long term exposure to tobacco smoke. The occurrence of lung cancer in non-smokers, who account for fewer than 10% of cases, appears to be due to a combination of genetic factors, radon gas, asbestos, and air pollution, including second-hand smoke.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is a leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. Cigarette smoking causes most lung cancers. The more cigarettes you smoke per day and the earlier you started smoking, the greater your risk of lung cancer. High levels of pollution, radiation and asbestos exposure may also increase risk.

Cancer of the lung, like all cancers, results from an abnormality in the body's basic unit of life, the cell. Normally, the body maintains a system of checks and balances on cell growth so that cells divide to produce new cells only when needed. Disruption of this system of checks and balances on cell growth results in an uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells that eventually forms a mass known as a tumor.

Yet most lung cancer deaths could be prevented. That's because smoking accounts for nearly 90 percent of lung cancer cases. Your risk of lung cancer increases with the length of time and number of cigarettes you smoke. If you quit smoking, even after smoking for many years, you can significantly reduce your chances of developing lung cancer. Protecting yourself from other risk factors for lung cancer, such as exposure to asbestos, radon and secondhand smoke, also decreases your risk.